Design Guidelines for the Development of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Training Systems for Maintenance and Assembly Tasks

Nirit Gavish^*, Teresa Gutierrez^†, Sabine Webel^‡, Jorge Rodriguez^§ and Franco Tecchia^**

^(*) Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
^(†) TECNALIA, Spain
^(‡) Fraunhofer IGD, Germany
^(§) CEIT – University of Navarra, Spain
^(**) PERCRO - Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Italy
E-mail: niritg@tx.technion.ac.il, teresa.gutierrez@tecnalia.com, sabine.webel@igd.fraunhofer.de, jrodriguez@ceit.es, franco@sssup.it

Abstract

The current work describes design guidelines for the development of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) platforms to train technicians on maintenance and assembly tasks of industrial machineries. The main skill involved in this kind of tasks is the procedural skill. Based on past literature and studies conducted within the SKILLS project, several main design guidelines were formulated. First, observational learning integrated properly within the training protocol increases training efficiency. Second, training protocols combining physical and cognitive fidelity enhances procedural skills acquisition. Third, guidance aids should be provided in a proper and controlled way. And last, enriched information about the task helps trainees to develop a useful mental model of the task. These recommendations were implemented in both VR and AR training platforms.