Evolutionary Divergence of Fibroblast Growth Factors Across Species: Insight into Functional Diversification

Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool University, XJTLU Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Suzhou, 215000, China

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Abstract

Comparing fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) across and within species and analyzing their expression at different stages of skin growth and development will enhance our understanding of their evolution and functions in skin biology. Twenty-two FGF genes were identified in Mus musculus by comparing the genomes of rodents, primates, and birds. Through phylogenetic analysis, gene structure analysis, and expression pattern assessment, the evolutionary differences and skin expression variations of the FGF gene family among species were explored. Despite the FGF gene family being highly conserved across evolutionary time, there are few instances of gene loss in birds. Moreover, significant expression differences were observed in the skin of rodents and primates, which may be linked to their evolutionary trajectories and environmental adaptations. The study also suggests FGFs and Epidermal Growth Factors (EGFs) may act synergistically in wound healing, with EGFs playing a crucial role in early stages. This research investigates the genetic architecture of the FGF gene family in Mus musculus, examines potential factors contributing to minimal gene loss and variations in skin expression across different species, and provides potential insights for further investigations into the functions of FGFs in skin.