Study of physical parameters of soybeans in comparative varietal aspect

Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Research Center “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean”, Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Biochemical Analysis, Ignatyevskoye Highway 19, Blagoveshchensk, Amur Region, 675027, Russian Federation

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Abstract

The paper examines some physical properties of young green beans and soybean seeds to identify promising grain varieties bred at the Federal Scientific Center of Soybean Research Institute (Lastochka and Evgeniya) for use as vegetable crops. The linear dimensions of the beans and seeds, the thousand-seed weight, their size, and strength were studied. It was found that the grain varieties are significantly inferior to the standard vegetable variety in terms of linear dimensions of the beans: length by 7.16-16.12% for the Lastochka variety and by 6.02-11.88% for the Evgeniya variety, width by 11.19-20.87% and 15.79-23.52%, respectively. It was found that the weight of 1000 seeds with actual moisture content (54.93±0.59 - 77.69±0.59%) is lower than the values of the standard variety by 34.05-47.70% (Lastochka) and by 29.73-46.22% (Evgeniya), and in terms of dry matter by 17.51 -41.59 and 20.26-46.56%, respectively. It is shown that the seed size coefficient is reliably lower than the values of the standard variety by 43.90-60.37% (Lastochka) and 42.73-53.56% (Evgeniya). It was found that, despite smaller linear parameters, grain soybean varieties are characterized by increased resistance to mechanical stress. It was found that seed strength exceeded that of the standard variety by 34.52-66.39% for the Lastochka variety and by 21.43-10.98°% for the Evgeniya variety. The obtained data can serve as a basis for developing criteria for selecting grain soybean varieties promising for use as vegetable crops and can be used to create a database for developing vegetable soybean varieties with specific consumer and technological properties.