Analysis of Gut Microbiota Diversity and Its Correlation with Metabolic Health

School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, China

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Abstract

The gut microbiome plays vital roles such as digestion, vitamin production and regulation of the immune system. The paper examines the connection between insulin resistance and the gut microbiota diversity and diversity in relation to metabolic health. Recent technical breakthroughs in the high-throughput sequencing technology, especially in targeted next-generation sequencing and in metagenomic shotgun sequencing, have enabled one to offer a detailed characterization of microbial community structure and function. The article has discovered that certain alterations in the microbiota structure in the gut are linked with metabolic conditions, especially insulin resistance and inadequate body fat distribution. Change in microbial community composition to physiological conditions appears to be conditional on functional output, in terms of metabolism of dietary components, e.g. polyphenol antioxidants, into bioactive products that control host inflammatory responses to the diet and insulin sensitivity. This theoretical framework is offered by ecological models e.g. the power law presented by Taylor, which studies the stability and resilience of such complex communities. It is quite possible that the future will be towards longitudinal multi-omics integration and accurate nutrition targeting the results of the specific genes.