Ulva lactuca - A Green Super-food with Multifaceted Nutritional and Therapeutic Potential against Chronic Diseases

Department of Biotechnology, KG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore - 641035, India

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Abstract

Ulva lactuca, commonly known as sea lettuce, is a green macroalgae that has gained attention as a nutrient-dense superfood with potential health benefits. Traditionally used in Asian countries, its advantages are now recognized globally. It is rich in proteins, essential amino acids, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals such as iodine, calcium, magnesium, and potassium. Besides its nutritional value, Ulva lactuca contains bioactive compounds like sulfated polysaccharides (ulvan), polyphenols, flavonoids, pigments, and sterols, which contribute to its pharmacological effects. Research indicates that Ulva lactuca exhibits promising therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, and anticancer activities. These effects help regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic processes. Its bioactive components make Ulva lactuca a suitable candidate for developing functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals aimed at improving health and preventing diseases. Additionally, Ulva lactuca benefits the environment due to its ease of cultivation, adaptability, and ability to absorb excess nutrients from water bodies, aiding in water purification. This makes it a sustainable, eco-friendly resource. This review explores the nutritional content, bioactive compounds, and health benefits of Ulva lactuca, emphasizing its role in addressing global challenges related to nutrition, health, and environmental sustainability.