Analyses of morphobiochemical characteristics of the Iris genus within the conditions of the Kuzbass botanic garden

. The results of study of adaptation potential of plants of the Iris genus of Iridaceae within the conditions of the Kuzbass botanic garden are represented in the article. It was made the evaluation of Morphobiologic characteristics of irises, the terms of flowering was determined together with duration and productivity of flowering, different capacity to fructification was marked, and the sums of positive temperatures need to such phonological phases of development, as growth, flower–bud formation, flowering and fructification were determined. The overall estimate over the complex of decorative signs showed that they are original and stable in the local conditions and may be recommended for commercial floriculture and greening within the conditions of Kemerovo region.Studied an indicating role of phenol compounds, peroxidases, ascorbic acid in Iris leaves during seasonal development. Analyses of studies revealed that the level of biochemical values in the leaves of decorative perennials growing on the territory of the Kuzbass botanic garden depended from species peculiarities and vegetation period of plants. Within the period of vegetation the most accumulation of ascorbic acid was revealed. The studied figures may be used as an informative parameter for the plants state evaluation for further phytoindication and introduction.

Abstract. The results of study of adaptation potential of plants of the Iris genus of Iridaceae within the conditions of the Kuzbass botanic garden are represented in the article. It was made the evaluation of Morphobiologic characteristics of irises, the terms of flowering was determined together with duration and productivity of flowering, different capacity to fructification was marked, and the sums of positive temperatures need to such phonological phases of development, as growth, flower-bud formation, flowering and fructification were determined. The overall estimate over the complex of decorative signs showed that they are original and stable in the local conditions and may be recommended for commercial floriculture and greening within the conditions of Kemerovo region.Studied an indicating role of phenol compounds, peroxidases, ascorbic acid in Iris leaves during seasonal development. Analyses of studies revealed that the level of biochemical values in the leaves of decorative perennials growing on the territory of the Kuzbass botanic garden depended from species peculiarities and vegetation period of plants. Within the period of vegetation the most accumulation of ascorbic acid was revealed. The studied figures may be used as an informative parameter for the plants state evaluation for further phytoindication and introduction.
Biodiversity is a common heritage, it plays vital role for the present and future generations. The growth of population due to economic activity of humans leads to irreversible alterations of our planet. Some definite kinds and ecosystems are threatened with extinction. The botanic gardens are engaged in active work for studying and keeping of a natural genofond. The species of Iris genus are studied widely in many regions of Russia and abroad [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The collection of Iris genus is represented in the Kuzbass botanic garden which takes about 10 species and more than 40 varieties. We make evaluation of morphobiological possibilities of introduced species which allows to define a seasonal rhythm of development and to evaluate winterhardines, drought hardness, decorativeness, peculiarities of reproduction in the definite terms of its cultivation. Evaluation of physiologic capabilities consists in study of figures of photosynthetic apparatus, i.e. the contents of a and b chlorophylls and carotenoid in the leaves. Analyses of morphobiological and biochemical figures allows to understand as the plants assimilated to the environment conditions of the given region. Such common evaluation is very rare so it very actual today.
The goal of study is the analyses of morphobiological and biochemical characteristics of Iris genus within the conditions of the Kuzbass botanic garden.
Objects and methods. Work was carried out in years 2016-2019 on the territory of the Kuzbass botanic garden (Kemerovo) located in the north part of forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. The climate of the region under research is a sharply continental. An average annual temperature of air is 0,9 °С. The highest air temperature is in summer (35…38 °С), and the lowest air temperature is in winter (-57 °С). The first spring frosts take place in the period from May 28 th till June 11 th , and the first autumn frosts begin from August 26 th till September 14 th . An average annual precipitation is about 450...500 mm. The snow cover height varies from 47 to 72 cm. Two kinds of the Kuzbass flora were taken as the object: Iris bloudowii Ledeb. -is a redivive short rhizogenous policarpous plant. Grow on subalpine meadows on meadow sidehills of mountains, forest edges and shore meadows [12]. In Kemerovo region you may find it in Tashtagol district, 20 km upstream the Kabyrza river near the village Ust-Kabyrza. It is recorded in the Red Book of Kemerovo region with a status 1 as endangered plant [13].
Iris ruthenica Ker Gawl. -is a redivive tracing root rhizogenous policarpous plant. Grow in coniferous, mixed light forests [12]. Grow throughout all the districts of Kemerovo region.
Phenological observations were spent in compliance with the methodic of phenological observations in botanic gardens [14]. Evaluation of perspectivity of a primary introduction of species and varieties of liliums was given according to the methodic of A.N.Kuprianova [15]. Decorativeness was evaluated according to the Methodic of native strain testing of agricultural plants [16]. Biochemical studies were carried out by the contents of ascorbic acid and phenol compounds. The contents of ascorbic acid was determined by the titrationbased method with 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol [17], phenol compounds -according to Leventhal-Neubauer method, based on the light oxidation of phenols with potassium permanganate in presence of indigo-sulphacid at room temperature up to golden yellow coloring [18]. The irises blossom productiveness depends on duration of one flower blossoming. In the conditions of the Kuzbass botanic garden duration of one flower of Iris ruthenica, Iris bloudowi lasts from 3 to 7 days.
It was defined a different ability to fructification of irises: Iris ruthenica -fruits set and ripen all over the years of study, as the Iris bloudowii showed the fail of fruit formation all over the years of study.
Overall estimate of a complex of decorative signs amounted to 95 points for the both species. They are original and persistent in local conditions and may be recommended for commercial floriculture and greening within the conditions of Kemerovo region.
An important role in the period of the plant's growth and development belongs to some biochemical figures which take part in various processes of photosynthesis and breath of plants. They allow to analyses in detail the plant's state and to detect the most changeable parameters of their metabolism. Detection of the compliance of growth conditions of decorative perennial to its biological requirements to different natural and climatic conditions is highly relevant.
Analyses of made studies showed that the level of biochemical figures in the leaves of decorative perennial growing on the territory of the Kuzbass botanic garden depended on specie characteristics and vegetative period of plants (see table 1). During vegetation the most accumulation of ascorbic acid was detected in leaves as compare with the other figures. It was detected that the level of ascorbic acid contents in leaves of irises in vegetation period varied within the limits of figures from 10.92mg/100g to 69.42mg/100g, where the biggest accumulation of ascorbic acid was defined in leaves of I. bloudowii, i.e. in 1.8-2.1 times higher than of I. ruthenica. From the beginning of vegetation the level of ascorbic acid in the irises leaves increases and reaches its maximum figure in the phase of budding, then, this figure decreases as the leaves age. Probably in the period of the plants active growth, the vegetative organs are developed the most active having accumulating much ascorbic acid for its further transformation to reproductive organs of plants.
Values of peroxidase activity and intensity of lipid peroxygenation in leaves of irises took an intermediate position between biochemical figures. Thus, peroxidase activity varied between the figures from 0.66 to 14.3 units of activity. To the end of vegetative period the enzyme activity of the studied samples increased, which probably caused by the plants natural ageing. In the bud-formation period of irises the minimal values of the studied figure were detected (0.67 -0.74 units of activity), at that, in the leaves of I. bloudowii they were lower in 1,1 times as compare with I. ruthenica. The level of malonyldialdehyde was within the limits of values from 2.8 to 10.4 nmol/g. It was observed some decrease of this value between the beginning of vegetation and the bud-formation period to 3,20/ nmol/g and its increase to the end of vegetation up to 10.24 nmol/g. In the leaves of I. bloudowii we noted the lowest level of MDA (at average lower by 12%) than in the leaves of I. ruthenica.
In the leaves of decorative perennial the most contents of phenol compound was defined in the phase of fructification (0.96-1.05%) and the lowest -in the period of bud formation (0.62-0.70%). In the leaves of I. bloudowii it was revealed the highest level of accumulation of the studied figures (from 0.70% to 1.05%) in the period of vegetation that is in 1,1 times higher than in the leaves of I. ruthenica.
Analyses of values of coefficients of variation of biochemical figures of decorative perennial revealed large homogeneity of a level of phenol compound and malonyldialdehyde, i.e. less changeability of a characteristic as compare with the Peroxidase activity and the contents of ascorbic acid.
Evaluation of variability of studied figures detected differences of coefficients of variation calculated for different species of irises. A break in the peroxidase activity changeability of I. rythenica reduced in 2 times and in the level of malonyldialdehyde -in 1.1 times in comparison with I. bloudowii.
On the ground of experimental data we made calculation of correlation relationships between morphological and biochemical figures of studied plants (table 2). The closest negative relationship was found between the peroxidase activity and a width of a leaf, and positive correlation -between peroxidase activity and bush diameter, and also between ascorbic acid and a leaf width.