Biochemical composition of black currant berries (Ribes Nigrum L.) for development of new cultivars in Bashkortostan

The paper presents the results of researches of the biochemical composition of black currant berries (Ribes nigrum L.), cultivated in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The objects of the research were cultivars breeding of the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture: Valovaya (control), Karaidel, Chishma, Kushnarenkovskaya, Belskaya and Estafeta. Observations have been carried out for 12 years (2006-2017). Differences in the accumulation of components of the biochemical composition are shown in dependence of the varietal peculiarities of the crop. Cultivars that can be used in breeding as sources of individual economically valuable sources are selected.


Introduction
Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) is the leading berry crop in the Republic of Bashkortostan [1]. This is due to the high yield, therapeutic and dietary properties of berries and their suitability for all types of technical processing [1,2].
Cultivars of black currant (R. nigrum L.) from the Bashkir RIA -Valovaya, Chishma, Karaidel and Kushnarenkovskaya -are complex three-genome hybrids, originating from European and Siberian subspecies, as well as from the species Dikusha. Having a high adaptive potential, these cultivars were selected as promising donors for breeding of black currant. One of the priority tasks of modern breeding is the cultivation of highly productive cultivars [3,4]. The identification of nutrients valuable in terms of the content of nutrients in berries of cultivated varieties is a necessary study for breeding of black currant.
Researches of the biochemical composition of black currant berries (R. nigrum L.) in various cultivars were carried out in many regions of Russia and abroad [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. It was noted that the level of nutrients in the berries of black currant (R. nigrum L.) is a key feature in the breeding of this crop.

Experimental
The researches were carried out at the Kushnarenkovsky breeding center for fruit and berry crops and grape in 2006-2017, in accordance with the program and method of the variety study of fruit, berry and walnut crops [5]. Biochemical analysis of black currant berries was carried * Corresponding author: radmil.nigmatzyanov@yandex.ru out in the analytical laboratory of the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, according to the methods [2]. The objects of the research were black currant cultivars from the Bashkir RIA: Valovaya, Chishma, Karaidel, Kushnarenkovskaya, Belskaya, Estafeta [1,2]. The control was a cultivar of early ripening -Valovaya.

Results and discussion
The biochemical composition of the berries determines the taste and dietary properties of black currant. The results of long-term studies of the biochemical composition of black currant berries (R. nigrum L.) in the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented in Table 1.
The biochemical composition of the berries of black currant (R. nigrum L.) is an important indicator, defining the value of the cultivar [12][13][14].

Conclusion
As a result of long-term researches of black currant berries, differences in the accumulation of the main components of the biochemical composition were revealed. Cultivars of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) of Bashkir breeding cultivated in the Republic of Bashkortostan contain on average: 18.7 ± 0.6% soluble solids, 8.9 ± 0.4% sugars, 2.1 ± 0, 2% titrated acids and 162.1 ±6.5 mg/100g ascorbic acid.
The cultivars of Bashkir black currant breeding Valovaya, Chishma, Karaidel, Kushnarenkovskaya, Belskaya, Estafeta meet modern market requirements for the quality of berries, their nutritional value and medicinal properties.