The problem of providing the urban population with agricultural products

. The provision of agricultural products in full at the moment is especially relevant due to the deterioration of the political situation in the world around the Russian Federation. The cessation of deliveries of food and other goods from Western countries has set before Russia the task of overcoming import dependence. Therefore, the main goal now is to strengthen food independence at the expense of domestic production. The food security doctrine is aimed at gradually reducing the dependence of the agro-industrial complex not only on imported products, but also on imported machinery and equipment. Threshold values for the production of domestic products are also set. For grain, this figure is 95%. The same figure for potatoes. For milk and dairy products, the indicator should be at least 90%. For meat products - 85%, for sugar, vegetable oil and fish products - at least 80%. New technologies play a big role in this. New technologies in agriculture are innovations that take agriculture to a new level. The new agricultural revolution is the application of IT technologies in agriculture, which are designed to reduce the amount of manual labor and increase product yields. For these purposes, biotechnology, logistics, processing technologies are used.


Introduction
Due to the economic reforms of the 1990s, the country's agro-industrial complex was in a state of stagnation and ruin, so a relatively high proportion of agricultural products began to be imported from Europe, Asia and Latin America. Therefore, in the 1990s, the country was heavily dependent on food imports. And this is a direct threat to food security in the event of political or military conflicts.
Over the past 10 years, dependence on imports has gradually decreased. The level of food security is currently 89%. The remaining 11% Russia is not yet able to close. Therefore, a shortage of certain foodstuffs is inevitable, as well as an increase in inflation, but the inevitable famine does not threaten the country. For milk, the level of food independence is 80%, for meat -74% [2]. For such products as grain, vegetable oil and sugar, Russia exceeds the threshold values.
The provision of the country as a whole with agricultural products is related to the level of production of these products, the state policy in the field of imports of products and the level of consumer demand. As for the level of production, the agro-industrial complex of Russia is the largest supplier of products for 60 related industries. State policy directs domestic producers to produce quality products. And consumer demand is affected by the quality of products. And here it should be noted that the quality of the feedstock directly depends on the quality of the products made from this raw material [4]. Therefore, the improvement of quality will create conditions for the competitiveness of goods and for expanding the range of products. The optimal level of agricultural production is set depending on the demand and needs of the country's population. Therefore, the leaders of agricultural enterprises are now actively using network marketing, which provides certain groups of the population with the necessary food. Therefore, it is necessary to further develop the channels of product distribution.

Materials and Methods
For the results of the study, the article uses a statistical method to analyze data from the federal and regional levels. The method of environmental -legal analysis is used in the analysis of the improvement of technological processes in the production of the agrarian complex. The methods of analysis and synthesis are used by the authors in the conclusions when summarizing the results on the provision of regions with agricultural products.

Results and Discussion
In 2019, CLAAS experts identified five areas in agriculture, which, according to these experts, are the most promising and they will have to change agricultural production in the coming years.
First of all, it is necessary to say about new varieties of plants that, under drought conditions, could produce high yields. Increasingly, weather conditions during the summer period become extreme, with June and July being the most common months. Because of this, part of the crop is lost. The results of new research were the results of scientists. By editing the genome, they were able to increase protein production in corn. Thanks to this, corn can ripen and give a good harvest even in conditions of water and moisture deficiency. This variety will appear on the market in the near future.
Plants can cope with a shortage of water for a certain time. One way to overcome the dry period is to use early maturing plant varieties. For example, in the Saratov region, early ripening wheat varieties ripen 2-3 weeks earlier before the start of the dry period. Therefore, classical breeding and genetic engineering play a huge role in the development and production of drought-resistant plant varieties [5].
The second direction is to increase crop yields by more than 10-14%. This is quite achievable under the condition of optimizing the timing of planting and the correct selection of plant varieties. Plant selection is cyclical. Here, selected seeds of plants are studied and their self-pollination is evaluated, then the descendants of the best plants are crossed. Then comes the sowing of seeds to obtain a new population.
The next direction will be the production of meat products with non-animal proteins. About 65% of arable land worldwide is occupied by livestock. And the problems with providing the population of the planet with meat products will be completely resolved through the use of technologies for the production of products with non-living proteins. The world's population may already switch to such products by the middle of the 21st century. And only about 45% of the products will be of animal origin [7].
For example, a protein stabilizer can be obtained from pork skin, which is a watercollagen emulsion. This emulsion is used when replacing raw meat in sausages. Proteincollagen emulsion has a high compatibility with basic meat systems. Its use improves the consistency of the finished product. In addition, bifidobacteria are also used in the production of meat products.
By the middle of the 21st century, the world's population will increase to about 11 billion people. We are already talking about the urbanization of cities. And by the middle of the century, more than 70% of the population will live in cities. In this case, the problem of providing the urban population with agricultural products becomes very important. For example, one of the most interesting projects that is already being implemented can be cited. Vegetables are grown on the roof of buildings. For this, special light soil is used, and recycling technologies have reduced water consumption by 80% compared to traditional agricultural turnover. Such technologies will help solve the problem of providing citizens with fresh vegetables [8], [9].
In addition, from the windows of their apartments there is an opportunity to see flower beds and garden beds. And this is already an entry into the profession of a house gardener. But this initiative is not in a hurry to adopt. And here there are difficulties. This method of growing vegetables on the roof of buildings is well used in developed countries. But the reasons for this unusual method are the lack of fertile land. Therefore, fresh vegetables on the roof of your house is just a way out of the land shortage. Also, this method can be quite suitable for large cities, since summer cottages are located outside the city, and it will take quite a lot of time to get to your site.
But it should also be noted that not every roof can become a «garden». Roofs can leak from frequent watering, and not all roofs are strong enough for the extra load. Moreover, this load will be constant -snow falls in winter, and from spring to late autumn there is a garden on the roof. And the roofs of our houses are not designed for gardens.
A garden can also be grown on a balcony. The advantages of such gardening is the fact that you do not need to climb through the attic of the house to the roof, you do not need to waste time to get to the summer cottage. Quite a few citizens grow vegetables on their balconies. But it all depends on the length of the balcony. It will not be possible to grow a lot of vegetables on a small balcony, while this one is quite possible on a spacious loggia. Therefore, urban gardeners grow tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers and flowers on their balconies and loggias.
To provide agricultural products to the urban population, one of the most productive ways is the households, which are located both in cities, having their own vegetable gardens, and outside the city, but near large settlements. Households of the population are the most resistant to the impact of internal and external factors. Home farming is not a business activity and is therefore not subject to taxes, with the exception of land tax. Therefore, personal subsidiary farms and farms also contribute to the provision of urban population with agricultural products [3].
It is also necessary to keep in mind the different economic development of the country's regions due to various factors. These are climatic conditions, geographical differences, as well as differences in economic and social specifics. The lagging regions of the country and the northern regions are especially in dire need of food supply. These regions include Ingushetia, Kalmykia and Tyva. Agriculture is poorly developed here. In addition, the material level in these republics is lower than the average for the Russian Federation. The unemployment rate is also quite high.
The Food Security Doctrine states that the food security of the country is one of the main directions of national security. First of all, this is the provision of Russian citizens with all the necessary food products. But here it is also necessary to take into account the quality of the products produced, especially for imported products, to which there were many claims on quality issues [1].
It is also necessary to solve the problem of the demographic crisis in Russian villages. The rural population is rapidly declining. Young villagers mostly leave the villages and move to live in cities, where they find more promising jobs. Even now rural labor is not attractive both in terms of wages and in terms of hard physical labor. Social and living conditions in rural areas are also unsatisfactory. The lack of communications, the low level of educational and medical services also affect the outflow of the rural population to the cities. In addition, there is still no leisure infrastructure in rural areas. Therefore, the revival of Russian villages is an important task in solving the problem of food security.
It is necessary to improve the policy of concessional lending to agricultural enterprises that produce high quality products and offer a wide range of their products.
By purchasing imported products, there is an outflow of money supply from the country's economy and contributes to the investment of the agricultural sector of other countries. Therefore, the country's self-sufficiency in agricultural products of domestic production is now the most relevant. At the same time, three levels of self-sufficiency in domestic agricultural products can be distinguished. The first level is the production potential of agricultural enterprises. The purpose of this level is to increase the output of quality products and expand their range. The second level is the self-sufficiency in agricultural products of each individual region. The purpose of this level is to establish economic relations at the interregional level, since not every region can produce agricultural products in full for the needs of the population. The reasons are different climatic conditions, underdeveloped infrastructure in some regions. And the third level is the country's self-sufficiency in domestic products. And this requires the protection of domestic producers [6]. Now let's analyze the production sphere of the domestic agro-industrial complex. It should be noted here that most of the domestic enterprises operate on outdated equipment, where technologies have not been updated for more than 10-15 years. Therefore, the introduction of innovative developments is necessary for the production of modern products.
Not given by the heads of enterprises and due attention to the study and forecasting of market conditions. This requires a medium-term strategy for each individual enterprise. Marketing strategies should be based on the production of food products that are in demand among the population. Marketing services must also monitor market conditions and expand the range of products. At the same time, sanitary standards must also be observed. Modern packaging materials increase the shelf life of products, so the leaders of large agricultural enterprises should, in addition to producing products, open packaging lines at their enterprises. In addition to the safety of products, packaging materials will convey reliable information about the product to the consumer.
For a better service to the population, the trade sector should be improved. Grocery stores should be located not only in crowded places, but also in remote settlements. A desirable measure would be to reduce the number of intermediaries along the route of finished goods from the producer to the consumer, since a large number of intermediaries increases the cost of goods by an average of 30%.
Russia has always had a fairly high level of food poisoning. This happens for several reasons, the main of which are food products that have not been properly certified, or the products have expired. And here it is necessary to call on the heads of retail outlets to be more responsible for the sale of low-quality or expired products. Expired goods can often be found in the Pyaterochka chain of stores.
Based on the specialization of the regions, it is expedient to create a regional fund, research centers for the breeding of highly efficient genetically adapted highly productive species of animals and plants. A scientific approach to solving this problem will increase the productivity of the raw material base, reduce costs and losses during the cultivation, collection, processing and storage of agricultural products. At the same time, state authorities and local authorities should support and stimulate agriculture from regional funds for the production of high quality products, a wide range and the required volume.
Each region has different natural and climatic conditions, therefore, in the northernmost regions, food prices are significantly higher than average prices in other regions. Therefore, government subsidies are needed to maintain the average price level. The state system of preferential taxation and subsidies for agricultural enterprises will help meet the demand of the majority of the population for food. But subsidies should go only to those enterprises that produce high-quality products.
The question of the quality of imported food is currently of great importance. Therefore, the adoption of a law banning the import of low-quality imported products is more relevant than ever. Many of these products are not just of poor quality, but can also harm people's health. Food products that have passed certification and are imported at lower prices from abroad in order to capture the Russian market should be subject to anti-dumping duties. A complete ban on the import of imported goods will significantly reduce the range of food products, so they should be available to the Russian consumer, and their price should not exceed the level of domestic counterparts.
Let us consider self-sufficiency in agricultural products on a regional scale using the Sverdlovsk region as an example. There are about 300 agricultural organizations in the region. In addition, 700 peasant (farmer) households and more than 800 enterprises of the food and processing industry are registered. The share of agricultural products in the gross regional product is 8%. The production of agricultural products is mainly concentrated in peasant (farm) enterprises and agricultural organizations. Their share in milk production is 83%. In 39 agricultural organizations of the region, the milk yield of cows exceeds 8 thousand kg. Especially noteworthy here is the agricultural cooperative "Kilachevsky", where the milk yield was more than 12,500 kg per cow. Also, in eight agricultural organizations of the Sverdlovsk region, milk yield per cow is above 10 thousand kg. In meat production, the share of self-sufficiency is 59%. For an egg, the indicator is 98%. The Sverdlovsk region is one of the twenty leading regions in terms of agricultural production.
It should also be noted that the households of the population, which produce an average of 65% of potatoes and vegetables of the total in the region. In addition, the number of gardeners is increasing every year in the region. It also affects the food security of the region.

Conclusion
In general, Russia provides itself with the main agricultural products -grain, sugar, vegetable oil. The supply of dairy products and vegetables already reaches the level of domestic consumption.
Agriculture is one of the most strategically important sectors of the economy. Without a developed agro-industrial complex, the country's food security will be at a low level. Therefore, the state should assume the regulatory function of managing agricultural production. In addition, state support through subsidies, incentives and investments will be support for domestic agricultural producers. In all developed countries, it is the state that ensures a high level of agricultural development through subsidies and subsidies. In addition, it is necessary to restrict foreign companies producing basic food products on the Russian food market. This applies to dairy. Grain, meat and vegetable products. this does not mean that the country should completely abandon imported products. For example, climatic conditions do not allow growing bananas and other exotic fruits in Russia.
One of the most important measures to control the quality and trade of agricultural products should be measures to limit the activities of monopolists, since in a crisis the monopolization of the food market will lead to a high rise in inflation.