The Legal Aspect of the Problem of Biodiversity Conservation of Specially Protected and Protected Areas in the Regions

. A particularly significant position of the economy of the Russian Federation is occupied by the agro-industrial complex, since in this area the production process necessary for the life of products is carried out and the country’s enormous economic opportunities are included. That is why the study of the agro-industrial complex is relevant. The improvement of the agro-industrial complex, for the most part, affects the entire volume of the national economy, the degree of provisional reliability of the country, and the socio-economic situation. Measures of state regulation should be developed and practically implemented based on the special specifics of the agro-industrial complex. As a result of the entry of the Russian Federation into the WTO, the degree of competitiveness of domestic agro-industrial organizations has significantly decreased, and the problems associated with the limited provision of provisional security and the low level of profitability of the agro-industrial complex have also become relevant. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop methods and tools for administrative and legal control of the agro-industrial complex.


Introduction
Biological diversity ("biodiversity") encompasses all the diversity of life on Earth, from the genetic diversity of species to the functioning of entire ecosystems [1]. In this context, biodiversity is not only rare or unusual species, but the entire natural world, from the most common species and their habitats to endangered species and factors that threaten the existence of species. Biodiversity is an integral part of the effective functioning of the planet's environment and the maintenance of human life and the conditions of its existence. Biodiversity directly (biological products such as food, medicines and building materials) and indirectly (ecosystem services) ensures the well-being of people. Ecosystem services are processes and conditions that are inherent in natural ecosystems and are necessary to sustain human life [2]. Among them are the purification and delivery of water, the maintenance of climatic conditions, the absorption and decomposition of waste, as well as the maintenance of soil structure and fertility. Biodiversity, or the variety of life on Earth, is important in itself because it provides ecosystem services such as air and water purification, pollination, and nutrient cycling. It also contributes to cultural and aesthetic values and supports human well-being by providing food, medicine, and other resources. However, human activities, such as land development, resource exploitation, pollution, and climate change, have caused significant and irreversible changes to the environment, leading to the loss of biodiversity and restructuring of ecosystem services. To address this issue, international conventions and agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, the World Heritage Convention, CITES, the Ramsar Convention, CMS, and UNFCCC have been established to set guidelines and principles for the protection and conservation of biodiversity. Implementing specific programs for biodiversity conservation management often depends on governmental legislation developed at the local or national level, but international conventions and agreements play a crucial role in guiding local and national policies. By promoting the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and regulating international trade in endangered species, these agreements aim to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and mitigate the negative impacts of human activities on biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Research Methodology
The Russian Constitution, in Article 58, obliges everyone to preserve nature and the environment and take care of natural resources. With the growth of cities and industrial activities, the impact of human activities on the environment has increased, threatening the biological balance that supports the existence of all living beings on the planet, including humans [3]. To address this problem, Russia ratified the international Convention on Biological Diversity in 1995 and adopted the National Strategy for the Conservation of Biodiversity in Russia in 2011. This strategy defines priorities, directions, and measures for the conservation of biological diversity and outlines the main directions for the development of legislative and regulatory legal acts. Conservation of rare and endangered species of animals is implemented through various methods, such as conservation in their natural habitat, conservation in artificial habitats, and conservation of habitats of animal species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The priority is given to conservation in the natural habitat as it allows for the long-term preservation of living organisms and the continuation of their natural evolution. Measures for the conservation of rare and endangered species of animals outside their natural habitat are part of the programs for the restoration of species and their return to nature. The organization of wildlife protection is carried out by state authorities of the Russian Federation, subjects of the Federation, and local governments within their respective competence, as defined by relevant legislation.

Results and Discussions
Environmental law in Russia is of great importance for protecting the environment and preventing harmful effects on it from economic and other activities. It includes regulations governing the use of natural resources, waste management, the protection of biodiversity and the protection of water resources [4].
An important element of environmental law is monitoring compliance with environmental norms and standards [5]. It is carried out by state authorities and administrations, which have the right to inspect enterprises and organizations for compliance with environmental requirements.
In addition, environmental law ensures the rights of citizens to information about the state of the environment and participation in decision-making regarding nature management and environmental protection.
Combining the efforts of the state and society on the basis of environmental law makes it possible to preserve natural resources and create a favorable ecological environment for human life and future generations.
Indeed, the conservation of biodiversity is one of the main tasks of modern society. As already noted, the survival of man as a species directly depends on how much we can save nature [6]. To achieve this goal, it is important to create strategies and action plans for biodiversity conservation at the regional and global levels. Red Books are an important tool for biodiversity conservation. They contain information about rare and endangered species of animals, plants and fungi. The Red Books can serve as a basis for developing measures for their conservation, as well as for monitoring their condition. Biodiversity Conservation Strategies (BSPs) are also an important tool for nature conservation. They define the goals, objectives, principles, priorities and main directions of the regional policy in the field of conservation of biological diversity and sustainable use of its components. PRSs help ensure that the benefits of natural resource use are fairly shared on a long-term basis for the benefit of the people of the region [7]. Thus, the conservation of biodiversity is a task that needs to be addressed at many levels: global, regional and local. Using tools such as the Red Data Books and biodiversity conservation strategies will help us conserve nature and ensure the survival of humans as a species.
Before starting the development of the Biodiversity Conservation Strategy (BSP), it is necessary to identify the key environmental risk factors that are the most significant threats to biodiversity in the region. These factors should be identified based on an analysis of existing threats and risks, as well as an expert assessment of specialists in the field of nature protection and biodiversity. Among the key environmental risk factors to be considered in the development of the PRS are the following [8]: Destruction and fragmentation of plant and animal habitats, including deforestation, fires, creation of reservoirs, laying of communications, extraction and processing of minerals, replacement of natural ecosystems by agro-and urban ecosystems, etc.
Chemical, physical and biological pollution of the environment. Threats associated with high levels of poaching and overexploitation of biological resources.
Transformation of the traditional agricultural landscape by reducing the exploited arable land, hayfields and pastures and increasing the area of fallows and low forests with a low level of biodiversity.
At the same time, specific threats and risks to biodiversity may vary depending on the natural-geographical and socio-economic conditions of the region. Therefore, it is important to conduct an analysis of threats and risks in each specific region in order to identify priority measures for the conservation and restoration of biodiversity in this region.
The Concept of Environmental Development identifies several factors that pose risks to the environment. These include the high concentration of industrial enterprises, the development of the oil and gas complex, dangerous physico-geological processes, manmade emergencies, accumulation of solid household waste, non-ecological agricultural practices, unregulated traffic, occurrence of fires, unjustified embankment of water bodies, dam construction, reduction in biodiversity, and insufficient incentives for environmental education and the implementation of environmentally-oriented consumption. In addition to these risks, there are also global risks associated with the invasion of alien species of plants and animals [9]. These can lead to ecological consequences such as the degradation of natural communities and displacement of native species, as well as economic damage. Biological contamination can affect both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and has caused significant transformation of the composition of freshwater biota, benthos, plankton, and ichthyofauna in the cascade of reservoirs of the Volga River. The steppe zone of the European part of Russia has also experienced the invasion of alien species of plants and animals, leading to economic damage such as loss of land productivity, natural focal diseases, and the spread of weeds and allergenic plants, as well as ecological consequences such as the degradation of natural communities and displacement of native species. To address these risks, it is important to develop and implement effective measures for biodiversity conservation and management, as well as environmental education and the promotion of environmentally-oriented consumption. The threats to biodiversity listed in the text can be divided into two categories: destruction and fragmentation of plant and animal habitats, and environmental pollution. The first category of threats is associated with human activity, which leads to the loss and destruction of natural habitats and a decrease in the number and diversity of living organisms [10]. This may be due to deforestation, the creation of reservoirs, mining, laying communications, as well as the replacement of natural ecosystems with agro-and urban ecosystems.
The second category of threats is associated with environmental pollution, including chemical, physical and biological pollution [11]. This may be due to industrial waste emissions, water pollution, the use of pesticides and other chemicals that can harm living organisms and their habitats.
The text also points out the threats associated with a high level of poaching and overexploitation of biological resources, which can also lead to a decrease in the number and diversity of living organisms.
To preserve the biodiversity of the region, it is necessary to identify the key environmental risk factors that are a priority for the area [12]. These can be, for example, the presence of unique plant and animal species, the presence of vulnerable ecosystems, as well as the presence of threats associated with human activities such as logging, industry, construction, etc. Based on the analysis of these factors, it is possible to develop appropriate measures to protect the biota and ecosystems of the region.

Conclusions
Biodiversity, also known as biodiversity, is a complex property of complex biological systems. It reflects the variability of living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine and aquatic ecosystems, as well as an indicator of the complexity of a biological system and the diversity of its components. Biodiversity can be divided into genetic, species and ecosystem diversity, and can be assessed both in species richness within a community and within an entire landscape. In addition, biodiversity can be considered in terms of biosystems down to the organismal level and systems beyond the organismal level, and can include elemental richness and elemental evenness. Although there are many definitions of biodiversity, they all indicate that it is a complex and important property of biological systems.
In general, the role of law in regulating the interaction between nature and society is to ensure environmental safety and sustainable development. Legal norms and laws regulate the use of natural resources, protect flora and fauna, prevent environmental pollution and guarantee the rights of citizens to participate in solving environmental problems.