Geographical Analysis and the Problem of Protection of Endemic and Relict Plants of the Chechen Republic

. This report provides a geographical analysis of endemic and relict plants of the Chechen Republic. And the problems of the screen of these species are considered. The geographical spectrum is represented by 23 geographical elements. The basis of this analysis is the compilation of a spectrum of geographical elements of endemic and relict plants. The authors carried out a geographical analysis and the problem of protection of the studied species.


Introduction
The problem of preserving the diversity of living organisms living on earth was posed as early as 1948 by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Under his auspices, international lists of endangered species in need of protection began to be drawn up. Since 1966, these lists have been regularly supplemented and updated. In 1973, a special international convention for the protection of plants and animals included in the Red Book was concluded. This served as a start to the creation of red books of countries and regions (Aliev, 1998).
Endemic species (taxa unique to a particular geographical area) are characteristic elements of local biodiversity. Narrow endemics occupy isolated habitats, often associated with limited ranges of ecological conditions or small common geographic ranges. Relicts are species left over from a group that are largely extinct. They can be identified both on the basis of phylogenetic analysis and on the basis of the extinction fossil record.
Purpose and objectives of the study. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the conduct of a geographical analysis and the problem of protecting the studied species.

Research Methodology
The material for the work is based on field research and observations of the authors. Routegeobotanical, route-floristic methods were used.
The storage of herbarium plant collections is a very important indicator for field botanical research. The treated plant species are stored in herbariums and then used for taxonomic, floristic and phytogeographic studies. Field and literature data are very important sources of scientific information.
For the first time, a complete list of endemic and relict plants is given and compiled

Results and Discussions
Studies have helped to determine that in total on the territory of the Chechen Republic in the natural environment 180 species of plants grow in the wild, united in 65 families. Flora elements have different types of habitats, where they are isolated from the main habitats. The results of the study contribute to the knowledge of the phytogeographic classification of specific regions. Various chorions determine the structure and composition of the flora by their action [1,2,3,4,5].
Geographical analysis of endemic and relict plants of the Chechen Republic revealed 23 geographical elements, among which the predominant group is the general Arctic geoelements. Most geographic elements have low ecological plasticity [1]. The geographical range of endemic and relict plants of the Chechen Republic is shown in Table  1.
A pluri-regional geoelement. It has 7 species ( Table 2 shows that the dominant place in the studied flora is occupied by boreal geoelements (46.1%). In second place are the ancient Mediterranean geoelements , constituting 8.1% b, in third place are the general Arctic geoelements (7.1%). Binders make up 3.1% of the flora. According to the prevailing groups of geoelements , relict and endemic species of the Chechen Republic can be characterized as boreal -ancient Mediterranean-common-holarctic.

Fig. 2. Prevailing groups of geoelements of relict and endemic species of the Chechen Republic
The conservation of endemic and relict species is tantamount to the conservation of unique members of a particular phylogenetic group and its combination of potentially original characters, resulting in great phylogenetic diversity. Relic species are not necessarily the oldest in their group, and they may show the same genetic diversity as any other species. Research has often shown that relict species are at particular risk of extinction.
Preservation of the flora genetic fund, especially regional one, is extremely important (Ivanov A.L., 1998).

Conclusions
Geographical analysis of endemic and relict plants of the Chechen Republic revealed 23 geographical elements. The dominant place in the studied flora is occupied by boreal geoelements (48.6%). In second place are the ancient Mediterranean geoelements , accounting for 8.1%, in third place -the general Arctic geoelements (7.1%). Binders make up 3.1% of the flora. According to the prevailing groups of geoelements , relict and endemic species of the Chechen Republic can be characterized as boreal -ancient Mediterranean-common-holarctic . 39 species are tertiary relics, 18 species are glacial relics, 35 species are xerothermic relics, 7 species are stenoendemic , 46 species are subendemic , and 30 species are subeuryendemic.