Perspectives for the Conservation of Rare Species of the Fabaceae Family of the Flora of the Republic of Bashkortostan Ex Situ

. The article presents the results of the primary introduction experience of rare species of the Fabaceae family of the flora of the Republic of Bashkortostan (the RB), included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (2008). The study of these species was carried out in the Botanical Garden in Ufa. Under cultivation conditions, 5 rare species of the Fabaceae family were tested: еndemic of the Middle and Southern Urals Astragalus clerceanus Iljin et Krasch., Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall., Volga-South Ural endemic Hedysarum razoumovianum Fisch. et Helm, еndemic of the European part of Russia Medicago cancellata Bieb., еndemic of the Middle Volga and Trans-Volga regions Oxytropis hippolyti Boriss. These species are included in the Red Data Book of the RB (2021). According to a comprehensive introduction assessment under the primary introduction O. hippolyti is a very promising species, A. clerceanus and M. cancellata – promising species, H. grandiflorum and H. razoumovianum – unpromising species.

The study in nature and in culture of species located at the border of the range is оf particular interest. Species A. zingeri, H. grandiflorum, O. hippolyti are located in the RB on the eastern border of the range, M. cancellataon the northern border of the range [1].

Medicago cancellata Bieb.
Oxytropis hippolyti Boriss. Rare and endangered species of the Fabaceae family of the flora of the RB are protected in situ (protection in specially protected natural areas, monitoring of some natural populations) and ex situ (cultivation in the botanical garden). One way to protect is to conduct experiments on the creation of artificial populations in situ and ex situ [1,[6][7][8][9]. Successful experiments were made to create artificial populations of H. grandiflorum and H. razoumovianum ex situ in the Natural Botanical Garden (Nature Monument "Gurovskaya Gora", Kushnarenkovsky District, RB) [1,10,11].
Under cultivation conditions, 5 rare species of the Fabaceae family were tested. The list of species of the Fabaceae family that were studied in the experience of primary introduction and their protection status according to the Red Data Book of the RF (2008) [2] and the Red Data Book of the RB (2021) [1] are given in Table 1. It should be noted that endemic and relict species of the Fabaceae family are studied and preserved in the Botanical Gardens of the Ural region [12-16, etc.].
The purpose of this work is to assess the success of the primary introduction and the possibility of preserving rare species of the Fabaceae family of the flora of the RB, included in the Red Data Book of the RF (2008) [2], under the conditions of cultivation in the foreststeppe zone of the region. *Categories of the degree and priority of environmental measures taken and planned for adoption (conservation status): I priorityimmediate adoption of comprehensive measures is required, including the development and implementation of a strategy for the conservation of flora and fungi and (or) a program for their restoration (reintroduction); II prioritythe implementation of one or more special measures for the conservation of the taxon is necessary; III priorityenough general measures provided for by the regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the field of environmental protection, organization, protection and use of specially protected natural areas for the conservation of flora and fungi listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Materials and Methods
The material for the primary introduction experiment was rare species of plants of the  [17]. The prospects for cultivation and reproduction in the conditions of the botanical garden of rare species of the Fabaceae family in the experience of primary introduction were determined according to the scale of a comprehensive introduction assessment by R.A. Karpisonova (1979) [18] with additions by L.I. Tomilova (1982) [19]. A brief description of the species and their distribution in the RB is given according to the regional Red Data Book (2021) [1].

Result and Discussion
Astragalus clerceanus is a perennial herbaceous plant with ascending or creeping stems. The plant height is 35-50 cm. In RB the species occurs on the western macroslope of the Southern Urals. Xeromesophyte, calcephilus, petrophyt. The species grows in crevices of limestone rocks, on limestone rubble and on primitive stony soils on rock shelves. Under cultivation conditions, 2 samples were tested. Plants pass through the whole shoots development cycle every year. This is a summer flowering plant. It blooms in July -August. Seeds ripen in August -September. Phenoritmotype is a spring-summer-autumngreen plant with a period of winter dormancy. Plants begin to bloom and bear fruit in the 1 st -2 nd year of development. The life cycle lasts 2-5 years. Propagated by seeds. Abundant self-seeding is observed, plants go beyond the cultivated area. The size of the plant does not differ from natural. The plant height is 20-40 cm. Plants are not damaged by diseases and pests. During the winter and spring period, the elimination of plants is 10-20%. This species is promising for cultivation.
Hedysarum grandiflorum is a perennial taprooted caudex-forming herbaceous rosette plant. Plant height is 25-40 cm. In the RB the species occurs in the Bashkir Cis-Urals (Bugulma-Belebeevskaya Upland, Pribelskaya Lowland, General Syrt) in 20 administrative districts, occurs in isolation in the Mesyagutovskaya forest-steppe. Mesoxerophyte, petrophyte, calcephilus. The species grows in stony steppes, on rubbly slopes on eroded, organic-gravelly and underdeveloped thin chernozems underlain by carbonate rocks (limestone, gypsum, etc.) and carbonatized sandstones. In the experience of primary introduction, 3 samples were tested. Plants pass through the whole shoots development cycle every year. This is a summer flowering plant. It blooms in June -July. Flowering is plentiful. Seeds ripen in August -September. Few fruits and seeds are produced. Phenoritmotype is a spring-summer-autumn-green plant with a period of winter dormancy. Plants begin to bloom and bear fruit in the 2 nd -4 th year of development. In the pregenerative period, a significant elimination of plants is observed. The pace of ontogenesis is accelerated, it is short in duration (2-4 years). Propagated by seeds. Self-seeding is not observed. Plant height is up to 35 cm. Plants are not damaged by diseases and pests. This species has a low degree of prospects for cultivation.
Hedysarum razoumovianum is a perennial tap-rooted herbaceous plant, the stems are erect, usually numerous. Plant height 20-40 cm. In RB it is mainly found in the Bashkir Cis-Urals on the Common Syrt and the Bugulma-Belebeev Upland, occasionally on the western spurs of the Southern Urals. Mesoxerophyte, petrophyte, obligate calcephil. The species grows in stony steppes, on gravelly and rocky ridges of hills, on eroded, organogenic-gravelly and underdeveloped thin chernozems underlain by carbonate rocks (limestones, marls) and carbonatized sandstones. In the experience of primary introduction, 3 samples were tested. This is a summer flowering plant. It blooms in June -July. Fruiting is not annual. Plants produce few fruits and seeds. Seeds ripen in August. The seeds are complete. Phenoritmotype is a spring-summer-autumn-green plant with a period of winter dormancy. The plant begins to bloom and bear fruit in the 2 nd -4 th year of development. The pace of ontogenesis is accelerated, it is short in duration (2-5 years). Propagated by seeds. Self-seeding is not formed. The size of the plant is smaller than natural. Plant height 15-25 cm. Plants are not damaged by diseases and pests. During the winter period, the elimination of plants is up to 50%. This species has a low degree of prospects for cultivation.
Medicago cancellata is a perennial herb. The rhizome is thick, the roots go deep into the soil. Stems with a woody base, numerous, strong, straight, densely leafy. Plant height 15-25 cm. In RB, the species was herbarized at 6 sites in the Bashkir Cis-Urals (Bugulma-Belebeevskaya Upland). Xerophyte, petrophyte, calcephyte. It grows in the steppes on open stony slopes, mainly on carbonated Permian sandstones and their destruction products. In the RB, it occurs exclusively in sandy steppes, on the tops of erosional cone-shaped remnants (shikhans). Prefers southern slopes. Grows in disturbed steppes with sparse herbage (no turf grasses). In the experience of primary introduction, 2 samples were tested. Plants pass through the whole shoots development cycle every year. This is a summer flowering plant. It blooms in June -July. Seeds ripen in August -September. Phenoritmotype is a spring-summer-autumn-green plant with a period of winter dormancy. The plant begins to bloom and bear fruit in the 2 nd -4 th year of development. Propagated by seeds. Self-seeding is not formed. Plant height is 15-25 cm. Plants are not damaged by diseases and pests. Winter-resistant, drought-resistant. This species is promising for cultivation.
Oxytropis hippolyti is a perennial tap-rooted caudex-forming herbaceous rosette plant. Plant height is 20-40 cm. In RB, the species grows in the Bashkir Cis-Urals. The main range of the species is located on the Bugulma-Belebeevskaya Upland. Xerophyte, petrophyt, calcephilus. The species is found in petrophytic, real and meadow steppes. It often grows in disturbed phytocenoses and on primary outcrops. This species is erosiophil and sometimes grows en masse on terraced slopes in forest plantations. It grows on organogenic gravelly and thin chernozem-like soils underlain by carbonate rocks. In the experience of primary introduction, 1 samples were tested. Plants pass through the whole shoots development cycle every year. This is a summer flowering plant. It blossoms in June -July. Flowering and fruiting are annual, plentiful. Seeds ripen in August -September. The seeds are complete. Propagated by seeds. There is a non-annual self-seeding. Selfseeding is viable. Laboratory germination of freshly harvested seeds is 80-100%. The phenological rhythm of development is stable. Phenoritmotype is a long-term vegetative spring-summer-autumn-green plant with a period of winter dormancy. Plants begin to bloom and bear fruit in the 2 nd -4 th year of development. Life cycle is 2-5 (7) years. Plant height is up to 40 cm. Diseases and pests are not damaged. Winter-resistant. This species is very promising for cultivation.

Conclusion
The introduction studies have shown the possibility of conservation and reproduction rare species of the Fabaceae family of the flora of the RB under cultivation conditions. According to the scale of a comprehensive introduction assessment (according to R.A. Karpisonova (1979) [18] and L.I. Tomilova (1982) [19], under cultivation in the foreststeppe zone of the republic, O. hippolyti is a very promising species, A. clerceanus and M. cancellata are promising species, H. grandiflorum and H. razoumovianum are unpromising species. It is necessary to continue studying the ecological and biological characteristics of rare species of the Fabaceae family under cultivation conditions. For the successful development of plants, it is necessary to create conditions that are as close as possible to the ecological and phytocenotic conditions of their natural habitats.