Insecta Orthoptera: a bibliometric review of papers from the Scopus database published in English for the period of 1986-2021

. Today, climate change, an increase in anthropogenic factors, and changes in the natural environment have an adverse effect on insect diversity due to the changing climes around the world. There has been an increase in the number of pests of agricultural crops over the past few years because of the expansion of the cultivated areas in arid regions, including the number of insects of the Order Orthoptera . The formation of fauna in different regions of the globe needs to be identified in order to improve the methods of combating them, and therefore, it is necessary to identify their formation. A great deal of research on the class of insects has been conducted over the last 35 years, and most of those articles are published in English. However, the research work on Insecta : Orthoptera was carried out in different topics and ways during those 35 years. The scope of this article is to cover all articles that have been published about orthoptera between 1986 and 2021 in the Scopus database. Various categories were analyzed in order to determine the quality of this research, including the year of research, who was responsible for the research, and which of the major research institutes did the research. In the light of the analysis, it is possible to have a certain understanding of the current research problems that are being experienced in this area as a result of the analysis.


Introduction
A large proportion of the diversity of organisms on Earth can be attributed to insects and plants. The relationship between plants and insects is complex, and the interactions between them can be quite fascinating. Research on insect-plant interactions helps shape our understanding of ecology and coevolution (e.g. In Northern Asian regions such as Russia, Mongolia, and China, the locust Oedaleus asiaticus (Orthoptera, Acrididae) is one of the most important grass-feeding insects. It is found in steppes and adjacent farmlands throughout the steppes of these nations. For many years, it has been reported that it is particularly abundant in the Inner Mongolia steppe region, and that it has caused great damage to the livestock industry as well as the environment. There are specific food preferences of Asiaticus, as it is the primary consumer of grasslands, and as a result of this extreme adaptation the productivity of grasslands has been dramatically reduced as well as competition between other native herbivores and farmed animals for food resources. It is important to note that these species represent a small part of the overall diversity of orthopterans. There are in fact a lot more species hiding in the pristine forests of Southeast Asia than can be found in the pristine forests of Europe.
According to a small set of observations, various cricket communities are flourishing along the gradient between maquis shrubland and rainforest in Southern New Caledonia as a result of the vegetation gradient. As a result of these cricket populations, it can be observed that specific differences are observed in habitat use and species replacement over time during forest regeneration (Anso 2016, Desutter-Grandcolas et al., 2016) The superfamily Hagloidea (Orthoptera) sensu Gorochov 1995 was widespread from the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous and consists of the families Haglidae, Tuphellidae, Prophalangopsidae, Hagloedischiidae (Gorochov 1995). A cladistic analysis based on wing venation suggests that it is paraphyletic (Béthoux and Nel 2002, Gu et al., 2021). Anthropogenic action is significantly changing scenes over the globe and uncovering life forms to novel situations. Solid jolts in human-modified situations can provoke upgraded behavioral reactions, coming about in biological sinks where low-quality living space pulls in expansive numbers of people due to a jumble between common behaviors and adjusted situations (Tielens et al., 2021). Within the urban environment, the foundation of perennial blossom knolls rather than once in the past built-up structures or regularly mown gardens is one of the foremost vital measures to advance creepy crawlies. Less self-evident, but still important, is the change of other sorts of existing urban green spaces. In numerous cities, the green spaces, counting roadside plantings, are overwhelmed by presented ("exotic") woody plants, which serve as "distance green" isolating diverse bunches of clients and may indeed have a few positive impacts on human prosperity, but less on creepy crawlies and insectrelated forms (Mody et al., 2020). A surprising decay within the number of creepy crawly species and in their plenitude has been detailed from numerous places around the world in later a long time. Other than the significant misfortune of life forms that are important in their possess right, the misfortune of creepy crawlies has too been credited to hurting the interaction among species as well as biological system forms related with the misfortune of creepy crawlies (Mody et al., 2020).
Bibliometric investigation could be a writing survey strategy that factually and quantitatively investigations distributed considers (Broadus 1987). Bibliometric examination is valuable for analyzing the information structure and improvement of particular investigate areas (Ellegaard and Wallin 2015). As of late, this approach has empowered analysts to comprehensively measure and depict the foremost productive analysts, educate, since the approach is regarded to be more objective and dependable than other common strategies of writing audit strategies (Aria and Cuccurullo 2017).
Bibliometrics includes several descriptive statistics of citation data and network analysis of authors, journals, universities, countries, and keywords based on citations and frequency analysis techniques. Bibliometrics supports the identification of research clusters, provides insights into current research interests, and reveals trends for emerging topics in a field (Liao et al., 2018). Bibliometric analysis has several advantages. It allows the characterization of specific research areas by exploring word frequency, the timeline and development of the topic, and the geographical distribution, which helps draw useful conclusions about who is doing what. At present, this particular method is gaining interest as it contributes new insights into several fields such as economics ( . In this context, VOS viewer is one of the most widely used software for constructing, exploring, and visualizing bibliometric networks and maps.
The purpose of this study is to analyze current topics and important areas of insect research, as well as to use historical bibliometric data to gain new insights into regional distribution and reproduction of insects .

Materials and methods
The search collects the English-language academic literature retrieved from the Scopus database for the period 1986-2021. The analysis was carried out in September 2022. A total of 914 publications were downloaded with the keyword "Insecta Orthoptera". In the next step, articles were categorized according to year of publication. A database of all peerreviewed papers was then created, including the year of publication, authors' names, countries, publication type, journal name, number of citations per paper, the number of citations per journal, the percentage of publications by the topic cluster name and subject area. The analysis was performed using programs like Microsoft Excel, VOS viewer and Map chart. Figure 1 shows the flow of the selected methodology for the research. The year of publication of the articles was then verified with the information in the articles. The database was expanded for all reviewed articles, including year and type of publication, author's name, country of affiliation, journal name. The reasons why we utilize the strategies we did prior are due to the reality that Scopus is one of the foremost well-known databases that collects definitive writing from around the world in one put, particularly within the case of chemistry. English could be a widespread dialect, hence, the writing in English is more standard and important than writing in other dialects.

Trend of publications on Insecta Orthoptera
In general, what stands out is that the number of published papers on a particular issue studied for the first time in the world. Total of 914 papers published between 1986 and 2021 on Insecta Orthoptera issue. The number of records started to grow between 1986 and 2021 from 16 to 75 publications ( Figure 2).

Journals on insecta orthoptera
Scientists use variety of journals in different countries in order to publish their research.

Top countries on Insecta Orthoptera
According to statistics, more than 86 different countries jointly worked on Insecta Orthoptera issues in the world starting from 1986. The table illustrates the geographical location of the top 15 countries took a participation in publication of 43 and more papers. United States are the dominant with 217 research documents on insect orthoptera among those top 15 countries around the world. Then, United Kingdom and Germany are leading the list with 137 and 101 publications respectively ( Figure 5). The Canada and France showed 71 and 57 publications in order. The top five countries' researchers participated in almost 53% of total publications ( Table 3).

Top cited journals on Insecta Orthoptera
In this subsection, we analyzed top journals which published the greatest number of papers. Taking into consideration this factor we decided to investigate top-cited journals on Insecta Orthoptera. Firstly, we sorted source names alphabetically of excel extension file of 862 documents. Then step by step total papers` citations are summarized by each journal. Interestingly, at the result we got updating list with potential journal names. Three journals: Environmental Science, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology ( Figure 6).

Top funding sponsors on Insecta Orthoptera
Funding sponsor plays an important role in achieving successful research. According to statistics, there are 159 funding sponsors who financially helped to make the research on insect orthoptera more thorough and effective. National Science Foundation and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft are the top sponsors who helped with 24 and 23 publications respectively (Figure 7). The funding sponsor "National Natural Science Foundation of China" helped in 20 publications on insect orthoptera, according to data.

Publications by keywords on Insecta Orthoptera
Co-authorship, keyword co-occurrences, citations, bibliographic coupling, and co-citation maps can be generated using VOSviewer based on bibliographic data.  The analysis yielded 6830 keywords. After excluding the general keywords with a low relevance score and those with low occurrence (by default, a minimum of five occurrences of a keyword is selected, to strengthen the co-occurrence results), 24 items were finally identified. Based on the total link strength, each resulting keyword is sketched in a node, creating a network map of all keywords. Figure 8 shows the network map of the top 30 authors' keyword co-occurrence. The size of the node reflects the keyword's degree of importance.  362  2952  4  animals  289  3710  5  acrididae  157  1008  6  grasshopper  151  1346  7  gryllidae  127  875  8  female  112  1274  9  lepidoptera  111  1176  10  coleoptera  109  1009  11  locusta migratoria 107  1041  12  priority journal  125  1335  13  arthropoda  102  890  14  cricket  43  246  15 animal experiment 44 503 The list of top 15 author keywords which are used in publications on the topic of Insecta Orthoptera in Table 4. Also, Figure 9 shows the map of top keywords on the total link strength.

Conclusions
According to the results of the research conducted between 1986-2021 on insecta orthoptera, there was a slight acceleration. The following are the names of the main journals that published research materials based on the obtained results: Zootaxa, Journal of experimental Biology, Proceeding of the royal society biological sciences, Journa l of insect physiology, Environmental Entomology, Journal of Insectа Conservation. The top 10 institutions conducting research on Insecta Orthoptera are located in the United States, Great Britain, Germany, Canada, France, China, Japan, Australia, Italy, and Belgium. The main part of published research results (84%) belongs to journal articles. According to statistics, there are 159 funding sponsors that have provided financial support to make research more thorough and effective. The main field which funds is research projects on agriculture and biological sciences. The negative impact of changes in global climate and inter-landscape processes on agricultural production is increasing year by year. The expansion of the cultivated areas in arid regions has led to a sharp increase in the number of pests of agricultural crops, including the number of orthoptera in the recent years. Accordingly, it is important to know and study the researches being done by scientists around the world, the main publications which publish scientific research results, the countries and institutions that are doing the main research, and the funding sectors.