Effect of Planting Distance and Dosage of organic fertilization on the Growth and Productivity Stove Purple Flower Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Stems

. Medicinal plant cultivation is essentially a way of management so that a medicinal plant can bring high yields and good quality. This condition can occur if the plant can grow in a suitable environment, including commensurate soil fertility, and suitable climate with appropriate technology. One of the plants that can be developed vegetatively is the Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.s, which is very useful as a kidney medicine, for epilepsy, hepatitis, and gallstones. Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.s plant extract can also be used for anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-allergic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-inflammatory purposes. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of planting distance and dose of organic fertilization on the growth and production of stove purple flower Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.s. The research took place from July to October 2020 at the Experimental Garden of B2TP Lampung. Materials Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. stem cuttings, organic fertilizer (cow manure), water. Tools used were a hand tractor, Cultivator, hoe, scissors, meter, vernier, plastic basket, tray, and oven. This study used a Split plot Design with three replications. The treatment variables used were planting distance as the main plot consisting of 3 levels (0.4 mx0.4 m; 0.5 m x 0.4 m; and 0.6 m x 0.4 m). Then the dose of organic fertilizer as a subplot consisting of 4 levels (150 grams per plant, 300 grams per plant, 450 grams per


Introduction
Medicinal plant cultivation is essentially a management method so that a medicinal plant can produce high yields and good quality.This condition can occur if the plant can grow in a suitable environment, including commensurate soil fertility, and suitable climate with appropriate technology.The availability of seeds is very supportive of success in the cultivation of medicinal plants.Plant propagation is an attempt to multiply individual plants.This is very useful, especially for rare plants and plants that have a high consumption rate, one of which is medicinal plants.Plant propagation can be done by vegetative and generative propagation methods.Vegetative and generative plant propagation is one of the options for developing medicinal plants.
Plant propagation can be done vegetatively, generally using stem cuttings.Meanwhile, generative propagation can use seeds.Vegetative and generative propagation can be used for the large-scale development of medicinal plants so that the supply of demand for medicinal plants can be met.One of the plants that can be developed vegetatively is the Orthosiphon stamineus Benth., which is very useful as a kidney medicine, for epilepsy, hepatitis, and gallstones.Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.plant extract can also be used for anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-allergic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-inflammatory (Mustaffa et al., 2011).
Fertilization has been reported to influence the phytonutrient quality of plants.Inorganic fertilizers will reduce antioxidant levels, whereas organic fertilizers have been shown to increase antioxidant content in plants (Dumas et.al, 2003).Organic fertilizers, in addition to improving soil physical and biological properties, also help in increasing the efficiency of chemical fertilizers.Organic fertilizers derived from livestock waste and poultry manure can improve soil physical, chemical, and biological conditions and ensure sustainable soil health (Logan et al., 1997;Khaliq et al., 2006).The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of planting distance and dose of organic fertilization on the growth and production of purple flower Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.s.

Material and methods
The research took place from July to October in the Experimental Garden of B2TP Lampung.Materials: Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.stem cuttings, organic fertilizer (cow manure), water.The tools used were a hand tractor, Cultivator, hoe, scissors, meter, vernier, plastic basket, tray, and oven.This study used a Split plot Design with three replications.The treatment variables used were planting distance as the main plot consisting of 3 levels (0.4 mx0.4 m; 0.5 m x 0.4 m; and 0.6 m x 0.4 m).Then the dose of organic fertilizer as a subplot consisting of 4 levels (150 grams per plant, 300 grams per plant, 450 grams per plant, and 600 grams per plant).The experiment was repeated 3 times so that there were 36 experimental plots.
Seedling of purple flower Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.stem cuttings 5 cm long, seeds in this study were obtained from the Center for Biotechnology, BPPT.Before planting, tillage was carried out by plow I, rotary, and making plots (mounds) with a width of 1 meter and a length of 35 m.The distance between the mounds was 50 cm.Before planting, planting holes were made with a spacing of 0.4x0.4m;0.5x0.4m;0.6x0.4m.The holes were given manure (compost) according to ½ dose per plant.Seedlings were planted and subsequent watering and weed control were carried out.Organic fertilizer was applied after the plants were one month old at ½ dose.
Harvesting is done when the plants are three months old or twelve weeks after planting (MST).The harvested stems and leaves (stalks) are then washed and chopped, dried using an oven at 40-50 0C, until the moisture content of the Simplisia is below 10%.Weighing is done before and after drying.Plant growth observations were made when the plants were 1, 2, and 3 months old.The variables observed in growth were plant height, stem diameter, and number of branches.Observations of crop yields were made on the wet weight, and dry weight of stems, and leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.s.The results of the observations were then used to determine fresh stalk production, simplisia production, and simplisia yield.Data were analyzed using group randomized design analysis (Split plot Design), if there were significantly different results then continued with the Duncan test at the 5% level.

Result and discussion
Crop production is greatly influenced when plants are in the vegetative and generative periods.This is because, during the vegetative period, plants need nutrient intake from fertilizers.In addition, during the vegetative period, plants need water to distribute nutrients that have been absorbed through the roots to all parts of the plant.At this time roots, stems, and leaves will grow.The end of the vegetative phase is marked by the appearance of flower/fruit which is a sign of the beginning of the generative phase.Baskoro and Purwoko (2011) also reported the same thing, the addition of organic matter in cow manure with a ratio of 1:1 to the soil increased the weight of Anredera cordifolia plants higher than without the addition of organic matter.It can be assumed that the role of manure in improving the physical, biological, and chemical properties of soil that can increase plant growth and production.
As with other plants, Java tea will experience vegetative and generative phases even though it only has 3 months from after planting to harvest.Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.s that are utilized by the leaves and flowers have a treatment.Because Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.s are nutritious, the treatment during cultivation also does not use chemicals.The fertilizers used are also organic fertilizers that are expected to have results equivalent to the treatment of plant cultivation with chemical fertilizers.The organic fertilizer used is fertilizer from animal waste.The process of fertilizer degradation to be translocated by plants from the soil does require a long time.So that before planting, the planting area is first sprinkled with manure and then plowed/ allowed to stand for approximately 2-4 weeks accompanied by watering to maintain soil moisture before planting.In addition, Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.plants are planted under a shade with the assumption that 75% of the plants can still be illuminated by the sun.

Plant Growth
Based on the results of the analysis of variance of plant spacing and organic fertilization on plant height parameters, it is significantly different in the combination of plant spacing 0.4 m x 0.5 m with a fertilizer dose of 150 gr per plant as shown in Table 1.This is because the closer the plant spacing, the lower the Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.plants will be, on the other hand, the greater / rarer the plant spacing, the better the plant growth, this is because the competition in obtaining solar intensity is higher.In addition, according to Rahmania (2014), plant growth and development are highly dependent on the ability of individual plants to deal with environmental conditions.Plant spacing of 0.4 m x 0.5 m and a dose of 150 g will be higher because plants seek solar intensity for their growth.While the combination of spacing 0.4 m x 0.5 m with a dose of 300 gr and 400 gr is not significantly different.
Plants grown from 5 cm cuttings experienced a significant increase in plant height or shoot length.Hartmann et al. (1997) state that the longer the cuttings are used, the more food reserves they store.These food reserves are used to spur shoot growth.In this case, Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.plants that are given nutrients from150 grams of manure can grow and develop with optimal conditions.Demura and Zheng (2010) stated that an increase in plant vegetative growth will result in higher plant biomass production.The increase in plant height, number of secondary branches, and internodes on secondary branches determine the number of leaves and leaf production of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.plants.Plants with the greatest increase in height, the largest number of secondary branches, and internodes of secondary branches have the opportunity to have the largest number of books.

Stem Diameter
The interaction effect of plant spacing treatment and organic fertilizer dosing gave results that were not significantly different (p>0.05) for stem diameter parameters at the age of 1 MAP, 2 MAP, and 3 MAP.This is because Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.plants have morphological characteristics with a small diameter so the provision of organic fertilizers with high N content is used for leaf formation and fruit/seed formation.the more the number of books, the more the number of shoots because in the book there are bud eyes that will grow into new shoots.The number of leaves produced by Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.sdepends on the number of books and the number of branches.The results of further analysis (Duncan test) for the parameter of the number of branches at the age of 1 and 2 MAP can be seen in Tables 3 and 4.  Wide spacing is directly proportional to the number of branches, because plants do not compete in taking nutrients, water and sunlight enter freely so it will help in photosynthesis.
According to Sastra (2003) in Yudianto ( 2015), the photosynthesis process will take place perfectly if there are sufficient nutrients, water, and sunlight while the availability of nutrients and water will affect root development.The photosynthesis process of plant growth will be better and forage productivity will be more at a wide spacing compared to a narrow spacing so that more stems and leaves will be harvested.From observations in the field, purple flower Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.shave smaller leaves compared to white flower Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.s, and quickly experience flowering, at the age of one month many flowers have grown.

Yield and Production
Footnot Based on the results of the analysis of variance for the production of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.yields.The interaction effect of planting distance treatment and organic fertilizer dosing gave significantly different results (p<0.01) for the parameters of wet production per plant, wet productivity per hectare, dry production per plant, and dry productivity per hectare.Meanwhile, the percentage of dry weight/wet weight parameters was not significantly different (p>0.05).The results of further analysis (Duncan test) for the four parameters can be seen in Tables 3 -6.The observation showed that organic fertilizer with the optimum dose of 300 grams with a spacing of 0.6 x 0.4 m had an average production level of 226.67 grams per plant and 7555.4 kg per Ha.The amount of wet production per plant is influenced by the weight of plants both leaves and stems.Organic fertilizers given will be absorbed by plants and converted into a source of nutrients for stems, leaves, and fruit/seeds.The high N content in Organic fertilizer derived from animal manure can increase leaf production by multiplying branches at the age of 1 bst and strengthening the stem even though the diameter of the stem does not increase.
134.43ab (a) Description: -Small letters in parentheses read horizontal direction, and numbers accompanied by the same letter are not significantly different in the 5% DMRT.
-Small letters without brackets are read in the vertical direction, and numbers accompanied by the same letter are not significantly different in the 5% DMRT.This study provides results that organic fertilization at a dose of 300 grams has a significant effect on the wet weight and dry weight of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.s. plants.This supports the results of research by Januwati et al. (2002) that the addition of manure 5 = 15 tons/ha can increase the wet and dry weight of leaves higher than without manure.Baskoro and Purwoko (2011) also reported the role of manure in improving the physical, biological, and chemical properties of soil which can increase plant growth and production.
Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.plants with high production yields can be due to the optimal growth and development process at each stage.Besides that, the number of shoots supported by plant height and stem diameter can optimize shoot growth.This can increase the weight of plants consisting of stems and leaves in addition to the accumulated N content.As seen in Tables 5 and 7, shows that the dose of 300 grams has a high wet weight and dry weight.So that the plants can be optimal with 300 grams of manure per plant with a spacing of 0.6 x 0.4 m.Plants with optimal cultivation conditions of plant spacing and organic fertilizer doses at 300 and 0.    o Small letters without brackets are read in the vertical direction, and numbers accompanied by the same letter are not significantly different in the 5% DMRT.
Plant production is highly dependent on plant nutrition and water availability.In addition, the high N content in organic fertilizer can reproduce leaves and strengthen the stems in Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.plants with a spacing of 0.6 x 0.4 m and a dose of 300 grams of organic fertilizer.esFootnotes should be avoided whenever possible.If required they should be used only for brief notes that do not fit conveniently into the text.

Conclusions
The results of the analysis of variance for the production of Orthosiphon stamineus yields, there is an interaction of planting distance treatment and organic fertilizer dosing that gives significantly different results (p<0.01) for the parameters of wet production per plant, wet productivity per hectare, dry production per plant, and dry productivity per hectare.While the results of the analysis of variance for plant growth, the number of branches is influenced by planting distance and organic fertilizer application.A planting distance of 0.6 x 0.4 m and 300 grams of manure is the optimal treatment to increase the growth and productivity of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.plants.

Table 2 .
Stem Diameter of Orthosiphon stamineus BenthThe interaction effect of planting distance treatment and organic fertilizer dosing for the number of branches parameter, at the age of 1 BST gave significantly different results (p<0.01).At the age of 2 BST for the parameter of the number of branches, the interaction effect was not significantly different (p>0.05),but the main effect on the planting distance treatment gave significantly different results (p<0.05).At the age of 3 BST for the parameter of the number of branches, the interaction effect between treatments was not significantly different (p>0.05).The increase in the number of branches is because the plants during the age of 1-2 months are still in the vegetative period, namely the growth and development stage.In the vegetative process of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.
Rahmania and Kurniawati (2014) nutrients, and sunlight are available for 2 months the plants can produce more branches than without organic fertilizer as Rahmania (2014) has revealed.In addition, according toSusanti (2007), manure as an external factor can provide nutrients that are high enough for plant growth.Samanhudi et.al.say (2010);Rahmania and Kurniawati (2014)

Table 3 .
Average Number of Branches of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.Plants Age 1 MAP on the Effect of Dosage of Organic Fertilizer and Planting Distance -Small letters in parentheses read horizontal direction, and numbers accompanied by the same letter are not significantly different in the 5% DMRT.-Small letters without brackets are read in the vertical direction, and numbers accompanied by the same letter are not significantly different in the 5% DMRT.

Table 4 .
Average Small letters without brackets are read in the vertical direction, and numbers accompanied by the same letter are not significantly different in the 5% DMRT.
Number of Branches of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.Plants Age 2 MAP on the Effect of Dosage of Organic Fertilizer and Planting Distance.

Table 5 .
Average Value of Wet Production per Plant (gram) on the Effect of Dosage of Organic Fertilizer and Planting distance.

Table 6 .
Average value of wet productivity per hectare (kg) under the effect of organic fertilizer dosage and planting distance.
6 x 0.4 m can grow and develop well and produce more shoots.Sentosa (2013) stated that the wet weight of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.s is directly influenced by the number of leaves.The number of buds affects wet weight indirectly through the number of branches.According to Sentosa (2013), the dry weight of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.s is only directly influenced by wet weight and the number of buds does not affect changes in dry weight.According toSamanhudi et al. (2010), the number of leaves and leaf area is positively correlated with total plant dry weight.

Table 7 .
Average value of dry matter production per plant (gram) under the effect of organic fertilizer dosage and planting distance.

Table 8 .
Average Value of Dry Productivity Per Ha (kg) under the Effect of Dosage of Organic Fertilizer and Planting Distance.
Description:o Small letters in parentheses read horizontal direction, and numbers accompanied by the same letter are not significantly different in the 5% DMRT.