State and Violence: The Role of Population Control, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Departments (DPPKBP3A) In Handling Acts of Sexual Violence Against Children in Karimun District

. The state is an actor responsible for protecting all its citizens, in accordance with the mandate of the Constitution. However, cases of sexual violence against children in Karimun District continue to increase from 2020-2022, the victims are children who are still in elementary school and the perpetrator is a person who is very close to the victim. This research aims to find out the role of the state through Population Control, Family Planning, Women Empowerment and Child Protection Departments (DPPKBP3A) in handling sexual violence against children in Karimun District. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research through interviews, observation and documentation. The research results show that the hope of the victim's family is to free the victim from the trauma they have experienced, and this hope is in line with what is intended by the state.. The victim's family gave a positive view of what DPPKBP3A was doing in dealing with acts of sexual violence against children. DPPKBP3A is not optimal in carrying out its role due to several factors, namely lack of human resources, natural factors and also victims who have difficulty providing information.


Introduction
Sexual violence against children is a crucial issue.Even though the number of children in Indonesia is 40 percent of the inhabitants of the Indonesian nation that must be improved in quality to realize Indonesian children who are healthy, smart, cheerful, noble, and protected [1].Child victims of rape are often not only sexually abused, deprived of virginity, and forced not to report what they are experiencing to their relatives, but after being abused, they are also treated as they wish, and even killed in order to erase the traces of the perpetrator of sexual violence.Rape and murder are crimes that often occur in quick succession, and children who should have the opportunity to have fun and even be protected by their parents do not seem to rule out the opposite.Perpetrators of sexual violence are always threatening children, do not let them always be strangers, not infrequently even perpetrators of sexual violence against children are the people closest to them, for example, such as biological fathers, stepfathers, grandfathers, uncles, teachers or even neighbours [2].This means that children in Indonesia today are still in a critical realm to be protected by the state.In order to fulfill their rights a child is not able to do it alone, this is because children cannot be independent like adults who have the ability and experience.In this case, the role of parents is very important and needed in order to fulfill the rights of children in Indonesia as generally specified in Article 4 to market 18 of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning child protection, which includes that every child has the right to live, grow, develop, have an identity, worship, get health, social and legal security and participate in society in accordance with human dignity [4].The massive cases of sexual violence that occur in children today indicate the lack of protection and the role of the state towards citizens, especially children, whose position is very vulnerable to be the object of violence.In Karimun District, cases of violence against children are diverse and quite disturbing.Based on data from the Integrated Service Center for the protection of women and children (P2TP2A), in 45 cases children were involved both as perpetrators and victims.P2TP2A received 131 case complaints.In 2019, cases of child molestation and theft still dominate in Karimun District [5].As for the phenomenon that occurs in Karimun District, starting from 2019 to 2022, cases of violence against children in the Karimun District of Riau Islands (Kepri) continue to increase based on data from the Technical Implementation Unit of the women's and children's Protection Office (UPTD PPA) of Karimun District in 2019, there were 19 cases recorded, in 2020 there were 15 cases, then in 2021 there were 22 cases of violence, then for the year 2022 from January to June there were 46 cases recorded, as shown in the following graph.The graph above illustrates the increase in cases of violence against children that occur from year to year in Karimun District.Based on the data from the population control, Family Planning, women's empowerment and Child Protection Agency (DPPKBP3A) the incidence of sexual and physical violence is more than others [6].In 2022, a case that was widely reviewed by the mass media was the molestation of an unscrupulous Teacher of Public Elementary School (SDN) 011 Kundur, Karimun District.The number of victims reached 5 (five) students of SDN 011 Kundur.All of the victims were male, the suspect had committed molestation from 2018 to 2022.The five victims have been molested 5 times, 4 times and 3 times [7].A Koran teacher in Karimun District molested his students in a mosque toilet from March 2019 to December 2019, both victims were minors [8].Karimun District is an area in the province of Riau Islands, Indonesia.The capital of Karimun District is Karimun district or commonly called Tanjung Balai Karimun, the formation of Karimun District based on Law No. 53 of 1999.Karimun District is an archipelago that still has limited transportation links between one island and another island both in terms of time and mode of Transportation used.Geographically Karimun District is located on the border with Malaysia.Located in the border area, it presents its own challenges and threats to Karimun District in managing and regulating its area, especially regarding the protection of vulnerable people against criminal acts.To carry out its role, Karimun District has passed regional Regulation Number 5 of 2018 which reads "that all forms of violence against women and children are human rights violations so that local governments are obliged to provide protection and fulfillment of the rights of women and children from all forms of violence" [9].To carry out its duties and functions in following up on cases of sexual violence against children, there are several institutions that have a share, namely the Office of Population Control, Family Planning, women's empowerment and Child Protection (DPPKBP3A) and UPTD PPA Karimun District.DPPKBP3A Karimun District has the main task of carrying out the preparation and implementation of work program plans and formulating policies, coordination, guidance and services in the field of women's protection and special protection of children, Prevention of violence against women and children.Under DPPKBP3A there is UPTD PPA Karimun District which technically has the task of handling acts of sexual violence against women and children [10].Looking at the background of the above problem, that DPPKBP3A has a task, principal, function that is clear according to existing regulations.On the other hand, Karimun District also in the last 3 (three) years, Karimun District again won the first category of KLA for 2018-2021 [11].Contrary to the two things above, thus the rise of cases of sexual violence against children in Karimun District has increased from 2020-2022, this raises a big question for researchers, namely how the role of the state through DPPKBP3A in handling sexual violence against children in Karimun District.Previous research conducted by Indrawan in analyzing the role of the region in implementing the KLA program as an effort to protect children from violence in Karimun District, the study uses a normative legal approach as its analysis knife [5].The difference of this study with research by Indrawan is located on the analysis knife.Indrawan's research uses normative legal approach as the basis of his analysis knife, while this research uses role theory approach.
The next study was conducted by Audina et.al. which evaluates the performance of local governments in the control of violence against children.The study uses the approach of the role of government as a regulator, dynamizer and catalyst [12].The difference of this study with research conducted by Audina et.al. is located on the site of research and analysis knife used.Location of the study conducted by Audina et.al. is in the city of Tanjungpinang and he uses a government role approach that focuses on regulators, dynamisators and catalysts.While the location of this study is in Karimun District and using a different analysis knife, the role Theory Approach by Biddle and Thomas focuses on what has been done by the state so far in handling violence against children.Wafa in 2020 has also conducted research related to the role of the Family Planning Office for women and Children Empowerment in handling cases of violence against children in Cilacap regency, Central Java province by using role theory initiated by Soekanto where role is a dynamic aspect of a position when a person fulfills his rights and obligations in accordance with his position, it means fulfilling his role [13].The difference of this research with the research conducted by Wafa is located in the knife analysis approach used, the role theory used by Wafa is a role theory that focuses on fulfilling the rights and obligations of a government official.Meanwhile, this study uses role theory that not only assesses how the fulfillment of the rights and obligations of an official, but the expectations, norms, forms of behavior, evaluation and sanctions for what the state has done.In contrast to previous studies, the outline of the purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the state that is present in dealing with sexual violence in Karimun District using Biddle and Thomas role theory.This theory was chosen because in this theory it directly measures the indicators of the actual behavior that is displayed.According to Biddle and Thomas to measure the role performed by someone who occupies a position or a certain position, can be seen from the following indicators: ⎯ role expectations are expectations of others about appropriate behavior, which should be shown by someone who has a certain role.⎯ norm (Norm) is a form of hope.The types of expectations according to Secord and Backman are as follows: expectations that are expectations, normative expectations where the necessity that accompanies a role and normative expectations are divided into 2 (two) first, covert or covert expectations are expectations that exist without having to be spoken, second, open or overt expectations are expectations that are spoken ⎯ the manifestation of behavior manifested in real behavior, not just hope ⎯ evaluation and sanctions role assessment is a positive and negative impression based on the expectations of the community against the role in question.Meanwhile, sanctions are people's efforts to maintain a positive value or the embodiment of a role that is changed in such a way that it had previously obtained a negative value into a positive value [14].

Methods
This study uses a qualitative method that aims to obtain information related to the role of DPPKBP3A in following up cases of sexual violence against children in Karimun District.Data collection was conducted by Interview Based on Interview guidelines.The use of interview guidelines is carried out to select the necessary data according to the topic of discussion.Informants in this study consisted of the head of section for Child Protection DPPKBP3A , UPTD PPA Assistant officers, psychologists and families of victims.This study uses a descriptive qualitative research approach because it uses theory to be used as an analysis knife.The study was conducted with the description, description and summary in various situations in order to gain an understanding of the role of DPPKBP3A in handling acts of violence against children in Karimun District.Data analysis technique is done with four steps, namely information collection, data reduction, data display and conclusion.

Result and Discussion
In analyzing the role of DPPKBP3A in Overcoming Sexual Violence Against Children in Karimun District, the author uses Biddle and Thomas theory, which to assess the role performed by a person / group in a certain position or position, can be seen in four indicators, namely as follows: First, from the role that indicates expectations, it can be seen that in carrying out their duties, DPPKBP3A has carried out its duties in accordance with the expectations of the community, especially the families of victims of sexual violence against children.Based on the results of the interview, there is great hope expected by the families of the victims to the state on the contrary, there is also great hope from DPPKBP3A for the families of the victims.The families of the victims hope that the trauma healing activities carried out to the victims can be carried out regularly, this is because there is great hope from the families of the victims for their children to be able to recover.DPPKBP3A also hopes that the victims can recover, and can carry out activities as usual.This is evident from the interview with the head of Child Protection Section DPPKBP3A who stated that currently the department has formed UPTD PPA with the formation of UPTD PPA, it is hoped that it can overcome or even reduce cases of sexual violence against children, especially with the formation of UPTD PPA.Hopefully, if there are victims who do need assistance, they will be accompanied and if there are victims who need protection, the office provides a place or temporary shelter, if necessary, mediation assistance is carried out by a mediator and the office will make policies, prepare administration and decisions that are needed.From the results of the interview above, it can be seen that there are similar expectations and harmony between DPPKBP3A and the families of the victims, especially in the handling of sexual violence against children.
Second, norms are one form of rules that govern the rules that are the foundation in carrying out duties and obligations.The role of DPPKBP3A Karimun District which always prioritizes norms in carrying out its duties, namely on existing regulations and laws in this case DPPKBP3A and UPTD PPA is based on Regent Regulation No. 98 of 2022 which in describes the organizational structure and job descriptions of each Karimun District Regional Office and regional Regulation No.5 of 2018 in which there is a norm that explains that child protection is all activities to ensure and protect children and their rights in order to live, grow, develop and participate optimally in accordance with human dignity and protection from violence and discrimination, and also the protection of women is everything that is intended to provide a sense of security that is done by the police, prosecutors, courts, social institutions or other parties who know or hear there has been violence against women.Besides that, DPPKBP3A and UPTD PPA are based on Regent Regulation No. 1 of 2022 concerning the formation, position, organizational structure, duties and functions and work procedures of the PPA official implementation unit (UPTD) at the population control, Family Planning, women's empowerment and Child Protection Office of Karimun District.In addition to the above regulations, as UPTD PPA psychologists, they also uphold the psychologist's code of ethics, including maintaining the privacy of victims.Among the regulations above, there are norms and values that are upheld by DPPKBP3A, namely human values and high empathy.
The families of the victims are also of the opinion that DPPKBP3A not only performs its duties, principal, functions in accordance with existing regulations or laws, the families of the victims also assess that the service has carried out its duties, principal, functions with humanitarian values.Involved in the handling of violence against children in Karimun District in which the psychologist, companion UPTD PPA also said that in carrying out tasks, principal, function in addition to the existing regulations in carrying out their duties and still carry out work with the values of life.Third, the form of behavior is a role made by DPPKBP3A Karimun District in giving birth in real behavior is not just a hope for the community.The role is manifested in the behavior of a person in displaying the form of his behavior, the form is displayed through the activities of DPPKBP3A in carrying out their duties, principal, function.How the future role through policies and programs that are being run can bring a real form or be an answer to the expectations of the community in the form of the implementation of duties and functions based on existing rules and forms of increased prevention of violence against women and children in Karimun District.Seeing a more tangible manifestation of what is done by DPPKBP3A and UPTD PPA based on regional Regulation No. 5 of 2018 which explains the rights of women and children victims of violence that basically every woman and child of victims of violence must get their rights, this can be seen from the protection of victims who are always under the control of DPPKBP3A and UPTD PPA, information that is always provided by DPPKBP3A and UPTD PPA, services that are open for 24 hours, continuous handling that is provided to victims, handling the problem of sexual violence in secret, assistance by a special lawyer who has been provided and psychological assistance to disappear from the trauma, and guarantees of rights related to status as a member of the family or community.DPPKBP3A is quite clear and responsible in carrying out the form of behavior or concrete evidence in accordance with existing regulations, this is evidenced by the evidence that the individuals concerned have taken to the field The form of behavior or concrete evidence that has been done by DPPKBP3A is also clearly felt by the victim's family, the informants said that the form of behavior that has been done has provided relief for the victim's family.It's just that in an effort to implement the form of behavior by DPPKBP3A, still constrained by existing resources.Facilities and infrastructure to cross the island that has not been accessible at any time and the lack of human resources is often experienced by implementers in the field.Fourth, the evaluation in question is the provision of a positive message and impression as well as negative messages and impressions based on the role performed by DPPKBP3A Karimun District.These evaluations and sanctions can come from others/externally or from oneself, which is commonly called internal to society.Seeing the narrative of the informant who came from the victim's family that the performance of DPPKBP3A in carrying out their duties is in accordance with the expectations of the community, especially the victim's family.So from the assessment of the community, especially the victim's family, DPPKBP3A deserves and deserves a positive value.This is because the victim's family has felt the manifestation of behavior and concrete evidence that has been done by DPPKBP3A.The victims assessed and gave a positive assessment to DPPKBP3A because DPPKBP3A had taken the time to provide assistance and trauma healing to the victims.DPPKBP3A also continues to strive to still be able to get a positive assessment from the community.Although in reality there is still a negative view of the community to DPPKBP3A.This is a stigma that still exists in society, especially the gap between society and the state that has occurred.This was said by the head of the DPPKBP3A Child Protection section, where there are people who have distrust of those who use "brown uniforms".To obtain and maintain a positive view or assessment from the community, DPPKBP3A continues to carry out its duties, principles, functions in accordance with regulations and build public trust and not discriminate.

Conclusion
Based on the results of the above research, it can be concluded that the role of the state through DPPKBP3A in handling acts of sexual violence against children in Karimun District is fairly good, but not optimal.This is shown from the following indicators: a. Hope DPPKBP3A has carried out its duties in accordance with the expectations of the community, especially the families of victims of sexual violence against children.
There is great hope expected by the families of the victims to the state on the contrary, there is also great hope from DPPKBP3A for the families of the victims.The great hope of both parties is the exit of the victim from the trauma experienced.b.Norm The role of DPPKBP3A Karimun District, which always prioritizes norms in carrying out its duties, not only adheres to existing regulations and laws, but the office also works by holding human values and a high sense of empathy.c.The Manifestation Of Behavior The role of DPPKBP3A in Karimun District always provides a form of behavior or concrete evidence.This tangible manifestation can be seen from what has been done by DPPKBP3A , including interviews, mediation, victim assistance to the police and trauma healing for handling.Meanwhile, the Prevention of sexual violence in the future is carried out by socialization to schools and direct counseling to the community.d.Evaluation and sanctions DPPKBP3A Karimun get positive values in every step of his work.In other words, the victim's family has given a positive view on what has been done by DPPKBP3A in dealing with violence against children in Karimun District.The DPPKBP3A is not optimal in carrying out its role due to several factors, namely the following: 1. Limited human resources, human resources in UPTD PPA Karimun District still lacking, this is an obstacle if the companion of UPTD PPA Karimun District and the UPTD PPA psychologist visited the victim or dealt with one problem, then the UPTD PPA servant's office was temporarily closed.2. Vehicle to visit the victim, which in this case due to the Karimun District consists of many islands and the predominant casualties occurred outside the island then the officers had to cross the sea, which sometimes the crossing time is not as it should be.3. Natural factors, this happens when the officers have to leave the island if the natural factors are not friendly then the officers consider, this is also to reduce things that are not wanted.4. The difficulty of the victims to be questioned, this is because the victims are minors then when questioned by the victims sometimes confused.

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Graph of cases of Sexual Violence Against Children in Karimun District