PESTEL Analysis of Blue Economy Development Policy in Indonesia

. The Blue Economy, which prioritizes the sustainable use of marine resources to support inclusive economic growth and improve community welfare, is one of Indonesia's efforts to encourage sustainable economic development. In implementing the Blue Economy in Indonesia, several approaches must be taken, such as political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal. The research method used is the Post-positivism method, which sees that social reality is formed by human construction. The research results show the importance of these approaches in ensuring the success of this program and maintaining better economic and environmental sustainability. The Blue Economy is expected to be able to contribute to encouraging sustainable and equitable economic development for the community. The importance of political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal approaches in the Blue Economy must be implemented effectively to achieve this program's success. Economic sustainability and a healthy and sustainable environment must also be considered in developing the marine and fisheries economic sector


Introduction
Blue Economy prioritizes sustainable use of marine resources to support inclusive economic growth and improve community welfare.This involves economic sectors related to marine resources, such as fisheries, tourism, renewable energy, and transportation [1], [2].Indonesia has great potential to develop the Blue Economy, considering that this country has more than 17,000 islands and a vast sea area.However, this development is still minimal due to the lack of support and attention from the government and the lack of infrastructure and technology needed to manage marine resources sustainably.If developed well, the Blue Economy can become an essential resource for sustainable and inclusive economic growth in Indonesia [3].
Efforts to develop the Blue Economy in Indonesia face challenges such as climate change, sustainable management of marine resources, waste management, biodiversity protection, and policies that support [4], [5].However, the Government of Indonesia strives to overcome challenges and strengthen the development of the Blue Economy by strengthening the cooperation network between industry, academia, and the government, as well as increasing public awareness of the marine environment.Thus, it is hoped that Indonesia can optimally and sustainably utilize the potential of marine resources to support sustainable economic development.The Blue Economy refers to sustainable development that utilizes marine resources efficiently and effectively.
This accommodates the needs of economic, social, and environmental development through activities that promote the sustainable use of marine resources, improve the conditions of marine ecosystems, and encourage environmentally friendly technological innovations.Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has abundant and diverse marine resources.Sustainable use of marine resources can increase economic potential in the marine and fisheries sector.This is because the maritime and fisheries sector is one of the critical sectors in the Indonesian economy [6], [7].Apart from providing food, this sector provides employment opportunities for communities around the coast and small islands.However, unsustainable use of marine resources can cause environmental damage, decrease fish populations, and disrupt marine ecosystems.
The importance of sustainable management by considering the potential of marine resources can be used optimally without damaging the environment, and communities around the coast can feel the benefits.Utilization of marine resources in a sustainable manner can also improve the welfare of coastal communities, most of whom depend on the fisheries sector [8], [9].Sustainable use of marine resources can help coastal communities to improve their welfare.By maintaining the sustainability of marine resources, the fisheries sector can be sustainable and provide more stable business opportunities for coastal communities [10], [11].Thus, the policy conditions for developing the Blue Economy in Indonesia can significantly benefit sustainable development while ensuring environmental sustainability and preserving abundant marine resources.
The purpose of PESTEL's analysis of the Blue Economy in Indonesia is to analyze internal and external factors that may influence the implementation of the Blue Economy in Indonesia.PESTEL is an abbreviation for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal [12].This analysis will help understand Indonesia's overall business and economic environment, including the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors that may affect the Blue Economy in Indonesia.PESTEL Approach Analysis is a method used to analyze external factors (or outside factors) that affect or can affect an organization [13], [14].PESTEL Approach Analysis can help plan that aligns with policy strategies because this analysis can identify factors that can influence the environment as a whole [15], [16].By knowing these factors, organizations can plan strategies to deal with changes and adapt their policy requirements promptly in the future.
The threshold determination of oil sludge discharge to the sea is a critical issue that has gained significant attention in recent years due to the harmful effects it has on the marine environment and the wider ocean ecosystem.Oil sludge is a by-product of oil exploration, refining and transportation processes, and if not properly managed, it can find its way into the marine environment.In Indonesia, the blue economy is a crucial part of the country's economic agenda, and policies are being developed to enhance sustainable development in this sector.However, oil sludge discharge into the sea threatens to undermine these efforts, as it has negative implications for marine life, including fish and other aquatic species that support livelihoods and the economy.
The threshold determination of oil sludge discharge to the sea is a novel approach towards mitigating the impact of this environmental issue.This study aims to provide insights into the most effective ways for the Indonesian government to set standards that will limit oil sludge discharge to levels that do not pose a threat to the marine environment and the country's blue economy.By doing so, it contributes to the continued sustainable development of the blue economy in Indonesia.The implementation of this study's recommendations can help Indonesia address environmental concerns while promoting economic development.The study is, therefore, timely and relevant in the current context of Indonesia's push towards sustainable blue economy development through sound policy.
The main aim of this work is to analyze the PESTEL factors affecting the development of the blue economy in Indonesia and evaluate the effectiveness of the current policies in addressing these factors.Additionally, this work aims to propose innovative and sustainable strategies to support the growth of the blue economy in Indonesia, taking into account the unique challenges and opportunities presented by the country's natural, social, and economic landscape.The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of the PESTEL factors, its incorporation of local perspectives and stakeholders, and its focus on proposing sustainable solutions for the long-term development of the blue economy in Indonesia.

Research Methods
The research method of Post-Positivism, also called constructivism, sees that human constructions shape social reality as the result of individual or group interpretations and ideas and cannot be fully measured in the same way as natural phenomena [17], [18].Research on PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal) in developing the Blue Economy in Indonesia through a Post-Positivism approach will involve interpretation and analysis of individual and group ideas related to the subject of observation.This method assumes that the data or information obtained is not genuinely objective but is formed through the influence of social construction, and this research will involve interpretation of the data or information that the researcher has obtained [19].
This interpretation aims to understand individual and group ideas regarding the PESTEL factors that influence the development of the Blue Economy in Indonesia.The Post-Positivism method in PESTEL analysis also involves construction as a framework for interpreting data or information.However, this theory is further developed through social construction, and the results of this interpretation are used to expand the theory.In this research, researchers will try to maintain objectivity but realize that the conclusions produced depend on the influence of social construction.As a result, the interpretation and analysis results will contribute to increasing understanding of the development of the Blue Economy in Indonesia and the PESTEL factors that influence it.

Expanding Marine Protected Areas
Expanding marine conservation areas in the blue economy directly contributes to sustainable economic development.This is because improving the quality and sustainability of marine ecosystems can support various economic sectors such as tourism, fisheries, and management of marine natural resources.Apart from the economic contribution, expanding the marine protected area also has other benefits, such as strengthening the capacity of local communities to manage marine resources and improve the quality of the marine environment [20], [21].In the long term, this will support sustainable development in coastal and marine areas.Therefore, expanding marine conservation areas is essential in realizing a sustainable blue economy.Various parties, including the government, the community, and the private sector, need to support this effort in protecting and strengthening the sustainability of marine resources.
An example of a case study for expanding marine conservation areas in the Blue Economy is the policy adopted by the Indonesian government in establishing the largest marine conservation area in the world, namely the Karimata Strait-Riau Islands National Marine Protected Area (KKPN-SK-KRI).This conservation area in the Riau Archipelago Province has an area of around 5.8 million hectares and covers 17 districts/cities.This conservation area is determined by considering the sustainability of the environment, natural resources, and the economic potential that can be achieved by sustainably using marine resources.In developing this conservation area, the Indonesian government works with various parties, including coastal communities, who still depend on marine resources to meet their needs.

Quota-Based Measured Catch of Fish
Quota-Based Metered Fishing in the Blue Economy refers to a fishing management system based on quotas or a certain number of fish permitted to be caught in a certain period.This system aims to sustain marine fish resources and improve fishermen's economic welfare [22], [23].This quota system is usually based on scientific studies, including population estimates, fish reproduction and growth, and non-biological factors such as weather, environment, and other fishing activities.This quota is distributed to fishermen or fishing companies through permits or licenses.In the Blue Economy, quota-based measured fishing is considered a form of innovation in the sustainable use of marine resources.
Apart from that, this system is also a way to promote scientifically based marine resource management and ensure coastal communities' sustainability and economic sustainability.An example of a case study of quota-based measurable fishing in the blue economy in Indonesia is the "Sustainable Fish for Indonesia" program launched by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries in 2019.This program aims to increase sustainable fish production and maintain the sustainability of fisheries resources in Indonesia.One of the implementations of this program is the development of a kouta-based measurable fishing system.So far, fishing in Indonesia is still carried out exploratively or without regard to the sustainability of fishery resources.With a quota-based system, fishermen are only allowed to catch a certain amount of fish according to the quota provided by the government each year.

Development of Sustainable Marine, Coastal, and Land Cultivation
Sustainable development of marine, coastal, and land aquaculture is an essential aspect of the Blue Economy in Indonesia.This focuses on utilizing marine and fishery resources sustainably to provide sustainable economic benefits and improve people's welfare.Mariculture development in Indonesia includes various businesses such as fish farming, seaweed cultivation, shellfish cultivation, and others [24], [25].Sustainable mariculture development refers to wise management of marine resources, including preserving the marine environment and applying modern, environmentally friendly cultivation techniques.In addition to marine aquaculture, coastal aquaculture development is essential to the Blue Economy.
One example of a case study regarding the development of sustainable marine, coastal, and land cultivation in the blue economy in Indonesia is the Clean Sea project on Pari Island, Jakarta.Pari Island is one of the tourist destinations in Jakarta, famous for its beautiful beaches and natural marine wealth.The clean sea project on Pari Island is being implemented by the North Jakarta City Government and the North Jakarta Environment and Parks Management Agency (BPLHP North Jakarta) as a strategic step to develop a sustainable marine and fisheries sector.This project aims to improve the quality of the marine environment and protect marine biodiversity in Pari Island.
One of the first steps taken in this project is to reduce plastic waste in the sea.In the last two months, more than 1.5 tons of plastic waste have been collected from the sea of Pari Island.Apart from that, the North Jakarta City Government and North Jakarta BPLHP are also holding an outreach campaign for the community and visitors to Pari Island to dispose of rubbish in the right place and not throw rubbish into the sea.In addition, this project also includes the development of organic aquaculture and vertical farming on land, which encourages the use of green and environmentally friendly technologies.The results of organic fish cultivation in the sea on Pari Island and vertical farming on land will be a source of safe and healthy food for the surrounding community.They will improve the economic welfare of the community through increasing sustainable food production and distribution.

Supervision and Control of Coastal Areas and Small Islands
Supervision and control of coastal areas and small islands are essential in developing the blue economy in Indonesia.Coastal areas and small islands have high potential for natural and environmental resources, such as fisheries, ponds, tourism, and renewable energy [26], [27].However, uncontrolled human activity can damage the area's environment, threaten the survival of people who depend on these natural resources, and hinder the potential of the blue economy.Therefore, supervision and control are necessary to maintain the sustainability of coastal areas and small islands.Supervision and control of coastal areas and small islands is carried out by implementing policies and regulations related to managing natural resources and the environment to prevent human activities that negatively impact the area.
In addition, supervision and control are also carried out by regularly monitoring environmental conditions and natural resources and taking corrective action if problems are found.The Indonesian government has established various policies and regulations for supervising and controlling coastal areas and small islands, such as the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands (PKPP) and the National Program for Coastal and Ocean Management (PNPL).In addition, the government is also trying to involve the community in monitoring and controlling coastal areas and small islands, including through the Indonesian Marine Conservation Program (KLI), where the community is actively managing natural resources and the environment in coastal areas and small islands.

Cleaning up plastic waste in the sea through the Fisherman's Participation Movement or Love of the Sea Month
Cleaning up plastic waste in the sea is one of the world's major problems today.Plastic waste is washed up in the sea due to being improperly managed.This leads to adverse environmental impacts, including marine life and human health.One way to overcome this problem is through the fishermen's participation movement or the Love the Sea Month in the Blue Economy in Indonesia.In this movement, fishermen throughout Indonesia will be actively involved in maintaining the cleanliness of the sea and cleaning up stranded plastic waste.This movement will involve various parties, including the government, the community, and other relevant agencies.All parties will collaborate to conduct education and outreach regarding protecting the marine environment, especially in preventing plastic waste.
Fishermen will be used as agents of change in this movement.They will be trained in handling plastic waste and its management.They will also be empowered to collect plastic waste stranded at sea and take it to shelters.This movement will also involve technology and innovation to support cleaning up plastic waste in the sea.Technologies such as drones will be used to monitor hard-to-reach areas and map areas that are most stranded by plastic waste.

Analysis of the PESTEL Approach to Blue Economy Policy in Indonesia
In this study, we carried out a PESTEL analysis of Blue Economy Development Policy in Indonesia to understand the macro-environmental factors that impact the development of the blue economy in Indonesia.Our findings show that Indonesia has significant potential for blue economy development due to its rich marine resources, strategic location, and supportive government policies.However, several challenges including environmental degradation, inadequate infrastructure, and limited investment hinder the development of the blue economy in Indonesia.In regards to our analysis and comparison with previous studies, our findings are consistent with previous studies that have highlighted the potential of the blue economy sector in Indonesia.Our study provides an in-depth understanding of the macroenvironmental factors that impact the development of the blue economy in Indonesia.We found that the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors significantly impact the development of the blue economy in Indonesia.Our analysis highlights the need for a comprehensive approach that involves various stakeholders, including the government, private sector, and civil society, to overcome the challenges and leverage the potential of the blue economy in Indonesia.
The potential applications and implications of our findings are significant for policymakers and stakeholders involved in the development of the blue economy in Indonesia.Our study provides valuable insights into the critical factors that need to be addressed to facilitate the sustainable development of the blue economy in Indonesia.Policymakers can use our findings to design and implement policies and strategies that enable the sustainable development of the blue economy while mitigating the environmental risks involved.Additionally, our findings can inform stakeholders in the private sector and civil society on the opportunities and challenges present in the blue economy sector, leading them to more informed investment decisions.Our findings highlight the potential and challenges of the blue economy sector in Indonesia while providing valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders involved in its development.Continued research on this topic is necessary to advance the understanding of the blue economy sector's potential, challenges, and impact on the Indonesian economy.

Political Approach
The political approach to the Blue Economy policy in Indonesia includes the understanding that this policy can provide significant social and economic benefits to society.The blue economy itself is a sustainable economic development by utilizing the potential and resources of the sea wisely to achieve sustainable development goals.In the Indonesian context, a political approach to Blue Economy policy can take the form of ensuring that the implementation of this policy is transparent and accountable and follows the principles of good governance.This is important to avoid corrupt practices or abuse of power, which can harm society and the environment.
In addition, the political approach to the Blue Economy policy also involves the community's and stakeholders' active participation in planning and implementing this policy.Communities must be involved in decision-making and given equal access to the utilization of marine resources to ensure that this policy has a positive impact on all parties.In this regard, the government can carry out dialogue and collaboration with various institutions and civil society organizations, such as fishermen's groups, fish farmers, and creative economic actors in the fisheries and maritime sectors.For example, In early 2020, the Indonesian government launched the Blue Economy policy as one of the priorities for sustainable economic development.This policy is based on a sustainable economy.It is responsible for protecting marine and coastal resources and increasing the utilization of the economic potential of the marine sector.
However, in the process of implementing the Blue Economy policy, debates arose because several groups opposed the implementation of the policy.Most of the protests come from traditional fish farmers who feel the presence of Blue Economy policies threatens their survival.In this case, a political approach is essential to overcome differences in views between the parties involved.The government must include the perspectives and aspirations of traditional fish farmers in the Blue Economy policy.This can be done by holding dialogues and consultations with fishing communities and involving them in decision-making.In addition, a political approach can also help in solving regulatory problems.The debate arises because the policies implemented are contrary to the interests of certain groups.Therefore, the government needs to consider the interests of all groups involved in the Blue Economy policy.In this case, the government can also provide assistance to improve the skills and capacities of traditional fish farmers so they can adapt to Blue Economy policies.

Economic Approach
The economic approach in the Blue Economy in Indonesia aims to create sustainable economic growth by utilizing natural resources wisely and sustainably.This approach refers to green economy principles that integrate environmental and economic safety into economic development.This is implemented by developing marine and fisheries-based economic sectors, including tourism, transportation, renewable energy, and processing industries.This is done by utilizing available natural resources intelligently and sustainably so as not to deplete limited natural resources.Thus, the economic approach in the Blue Economy is expected to achieve sustainable economic growth, which can improve the welfare of the Indonesian people.
The economic approach in the Blue Economy policy in Indonesia can be seen through the example of a case study of the "Sustainable Fisheries Area" program.This program is based on an economic approach that aims to improve the welfare of fishermen and maintain sustainable fisheries resources for the sustainability of fisheries businesses in Indonesia.In its implementation, this program includes several activities such as providing business capital, training and mentoring, monitoring and managing fisheries resources, and marketing fishermen's catches through official distributor channels.This program also implements Sharia-based and sustainable financing to provide fishermen with fairer and more affordable financial access.The results of this program show an increase in fishermen's welfare and increased productivity and quality of caught fish.
Apart from that, this program has also improved the local economy and strengthened the competitiveness of Indonesian fish exports in the global market.This is because this program provides opportunities for local fishermen and fish farmers to increase their fish production more effectively and efficiently to meet increasing market demand.This program also helps increase the quality and quantity of Indonesian fish production, ultimately increasing the competitiveness of Indonesian fish products in the global market.With this program, local fish farmers and fishermen can market their fish products at better prices, increasing their income and contributing to economic recovery in their area.Thus, this program has a significant positive impact on the local economy and can strengthen Indonesia's position as one of the leading fish producers in the world.

Social Approach
The social approach to the Blue Economy policy in Indonesia is an approach that prioritizes the role of society in managing marine resources sustainably.This views the sea and beaches as economic resources and part of society's natural and social heritage.Therefore, this approach has two focuses: ensuring economic sustainability in the marine sector and bringing social benefits to society.Blue Economy also emphasizes balancing the economy, environment, and society.This is realized by promoting sustainable use of marine resources, encouraging the development of green technology and innovation to increase resource use efficiency, and safeguarding local communities' rights in marine resource management.
One example is the fisheries sector, where the Indonesian government is building a sustainable fisheries center to ensure that marine resources are managed well.The Ornamental Fish Development Center in Blitar Regency, East Java, started the "Environmentally Friendly Ornamental Fish" program.This program aims to protect the environment and improve the welfare of the surrounding community.This program includes building a wastewater treatment system, providing a research center, and increasing training capacity.Through this program, the water quality around fishing centers will improve and positively impact the health of the ornamental fish being kept.In addition, training and capacity development provide opportunities for local communities to obtain additional sources of income through sustainable ornamental fish cultivation.

Technology Approach
In the blue economy, blue economy sectors such as fisheries, tourism, and renewable energy are the main focus to maximize the use of Indonesia's marine and water potential.This policy seeks modern technology to help increase Indonesia's maritime and fisheries industry's productivity, efficiency, and competitiveness.One of Indonesia's essential technologies in blue economy policy is information and communication technology (ICT).This technology is used to speed up the process of data collection, analysis, and decision-making in the marine and fisheries industry.Apart from ICT, other technologies in Indonesia's blue economy include marine waste processing technology, marine power generation technology, more efficient and sustainable fishing technology, and technology for developing bioenergy from marine sources.
By adopting new technology like this, Indonesia can increase the blue economy sector's production, quality, and sustainability.The technological approach also helps expand market share and increase the competitiveness of Indonesian marine and fisheries products in international markets.This is important considering that the international market encourages intense competition and high quality for marine and fisheries industry products.Overall, the Technology Approach in the Blue Economy Policy in Indonesia is an important strategy to develop Indonesia's maritime and maritime potential by utilizing the latest technology to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of the blue economy sector.
One of the case studies that was successfully implemented was the use of an ocean monitoring and mapping system (Oceanographic Information System).The Oceanographic Information System has succeeded in increasing understanding of marine and coastal conditions, as well as providing the information needed to make decisions in managing marine resources.This system also helps policymakers to predict potential natural disasters such as tsunamis, high waves, and storms.Not only that, technological approaches are also applied in managing marine resources such as fishing.Through a fishing vessel monitoring system (Vessel Monitoring System), fishing activities in the ocean can be monitored.This system also helps create policies regulating sustainable fishing and preserving marine resources.
Apart from that, Indonesia also applies technology in making products made from seabased materials such as shellfish seeds and seaweed.In making shellfish seeds, tissue culture technology is used to increase seed production and prevent illegal harvesting of seeds from nature.Meanwhile, seaweed cultivation technology is utilized in seaweed production using a vertical cultivation system and cultivation based on bioflock technology.Overall, the technological approach has significantly contributed to Indonesia's blue economy policy.Using appropriate technology, marine resource management can be more effective and efficient in preserving the environment and providing direct benefits for coastal communities.

Environmental Approach
The environmental approach in the Blue Economy policy in Indonesia refers to efforts to form a sustainable economy by considering environmental factors and natural resources.The Blue Economy promotes the sustainable management of marine resources and utilizes them for economic, social, and environmental interests.This is done by paying attention to environmental sustainability, protecting natural resources and biodiversity, and developing a sustainable economy by managing marine biota and the environment wisely and sustainably.This approach also regulates the use of marine resources for profit while maintaining environmental balance and the interests of local communities.In practice, the Blue Economy creates added value from marine resources, such as developing marine tourism, sustainable fisheries, and developing marine technology and renewable energy.
In this case, the importance of the environmental approach in the Blue Economy is to minimize negative impacts on the environment and maximize economic and social benefits for society.The environmental approach in the Blue Economy is critical in Indonesia, considering that Indonesia has enormous marine resource potential.Apart from that, Indonesia is also an archipelagic country where managing marine resources is crucial to human survival.Therefore, the Blue Economy policy based on an environmental approach needs to be implemented well and continuously monitored to provide optimal economic benefits and maintain environmental balance.
One example of an environmental approach in the Blue Economy policy in Indonesia is the Sustainable Coastal program launched by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries in 2019.This program aims to improve the welfare of coastal communities through sustainable management of natural resources.In the Sustainable Coastal program, the government collaborates with local communities to develop sustainable natural resource management patterns such as environmentally friendly fishing and the development of responsible marine tourism.The government also assists local communities in building facilities and infrastructure that support marine-based economic activities.The environmental approach in the Pesisir Lestari program can be seen as fulfilling sustainability aspects in managing natural resources.

Legal Approach
The legal approach to the Blue Economy policy in Indonesia refers to the study of legal and regulatory aspects in Indonesia related to the use and protection of marine resources.The Blue Economy policy aims to utilize marine resources sustainably, providing equitable economic and social benefits for the community.In this context, a legal approach is fundamental to support the success of Blue Economy policies in Indonesia.This is because various legal issues still need to be resolved in the development of the marine and fisheries sector.To overcome these problems, the government needs to reform and improve regulations relating to the marine and fisheries sector, including using and protecting marine resources.
It is also necessary to build an effective monitoring and law enforcement system to ensure compliance with these regulations.With the right legal approach, it is hoped that the Blue Economy policy can provide optimal benefits for the people of Indonesia while at the same time supporting sustainable economic development and strengthening national sovereignty and resilience in the marine and fisheries sector.For example, the Indonesian government has introduced a plastic waste management policy through the blue economy, aiming to minimize plastic waste that pollutes the environment and marine ecosystems.To implement this policy, a legal or legal approach is essential.
One of the legal regulations used is Law Number 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management.This law gives the government the authority to formulate policies and strategies for sustainable waste management.In this case, the government can provide criminal and administrative sanctions for violators who do not comply with waste management regulations.In addition, the government has also stipulated Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number P.109/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/4/2018 concerning Plastic Waste Management.This regulation regulates the obligation of producers, distributors, and consumers to sort plastic waste and provide disposal sites according to established standards.This regulation also sanctions violators who do not comply with the rules.

Conclusion
In implementing the Blue Economy in Indonesia, several approaches must be taken, such as political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal.This approach is critical in ensuring the success of this program and maintaining greater economic and environmental sustainability.Wise and sustainable use of marine resources needs to be a primary concern in the Blue Economy.Therefore, the government needs to work with the public and private sectors to develop a sustainable marine and fisheries economic sector.The Blue Economy also needs to pay attention to social and environmental aspects so that local people can benefit from the development of the marine economic sector.A technological approach is also needed in the Blue Economy to develop the latest technology in the sustainable management of marine resources.
In addition, a legal approach needs to be taken to maintain compliance with existing regulations and prevent corrupt practices in the development of the marine and fisheries sector.Overall, the Blue Economy in Indonesia is one of the efforts to contribute to encouraging sustainable and equitable economic development for society.The importance of political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal approaches in the Blue Economy must be implemented effectively to achieve this program's success.In developing the marine and fisheries economic sector, it is necessary to pay attention to environmental