Maritime Cultural Heritage of Fishermen Communities in Kepulauan Sangkarrang Subdistrict, Makassar City, Indonesia

. This research aims to document and analyze the maritime cultural heritage held by the fishing communities in the Kepulauan Sangkarrang district, Makassar city. Maritime cultural heritage encompasses various aspects, such as traditional knowledge of navigation, fishing techniques, traditional tools, and religious practices related to maritime activities. The research methods include field surveys, in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis. The collected data will be qualitatively analyzed to identify cultural patterns associated with the maritime life of the fishing communities. This research aims to uncover the maritime cultural heritage of the fishing communities in Kepulauan Sangkarrang Subdistrict, Makassar City, Indonesia. The main results include a profound understanding of local maritime traditions and their history, as well as an increased historical awareness among the local community. The primary conclusion is that the preservation of maritime culture can support sustainable tourism development and community empowerment. This research has the potential to make a significant contribution in the context of science and maritime cultural preservation.


Introduction
Indonesia, as a maritime nation with over 17,000 islands, possesses a rich and diverse maritime cultural heritage.One significant aspect of this heritage is the maritime knowledge and practices that have been passed down from generation to generation, particularly by the coastal and island communities across the country.This maritime cultural heritage encompasses knowledge of traditional navigation, unique fishing techniques, the use of traditional tools such as boats and nets, as well as religious practices associated with maritime activities.As stated by UNESCO, "Maritime cultural heritage is an integral part of the cultural identity of a society, and it encompasses not only physical artifacts but also the knowledge, practices, and skills acquired through human interaction with the environment over centuries" (UNESCO, 2001).
the Sangkarrang Islands in the context of cultural identity, ecological sustainability, local economy, climate change, and policy development, this research will provide a deeper understanding of how this cultural heritage plays a role in maintaining the sustainability of fishing communities and coastal areas.This analysis will also help identify the challenges and opportunities faced in preserving this maritime cultural heritage.Research on the "Maritime Cultural Heritage of Fishermen Communities in Kepulauan Sangkarrang Subdistrict, Makassar City, Indonesia" has several compelling reasons why it is important, significant, and has the potential to make substantial contributions to science and society as a whole.Some of the key reasons for the significance of this research include.This research helps in preserving and understanding the maritime culture in Kepulauan Sangkarrang.Maritime culture is an essential part of a community's cultural heritage, and this research aids in preventing its loss, alteration, or neglect.The research allows the community to gain a deeper understanding of their maritime history, including traditions, local knowledge, and stories passed down through generations.This can enhance their sense of identity and pride in their heritage.The research provides new insights into the maritime culture of the region, enriching the scientific knowledge of maritime culture in a broader context.The research findings can serve as a reference for scholars, researchers, and academics in various fields, including cultural anthropology, history, and maritime studies.The research empowers the local community by involving them in the research process.This can create opportunities for the community to actively participate in preserving their own culture, developing sustainable livelihoods, and improving their quality of life.The research can assist in the development of sustainable tourism in the region.By promoting and maintaining the sustainability of maritime culture, the area can become an attractive tourist destination, providing economic benefits to the local community.The research can help promote Indonesia's maritime cultural richness globally.It can attract international attention and facilitate collaborations with researchers and stakeholders from abroad.In summary, this research is not only of immense cultural and historical value but also has the potential to bring tangible benefits to the local community, scientific knowledge, and the international community interested in Indonesia's maritime heritage.This research aims to explore the maritime cultural heritage held by the fishing communities in Kepulauan Sangkarrang Subdistrict, Makassar City, Indonesia.Amid the ongoing changes in the global environment, maritime culture is an essential element that needs preservation and deeper understanding.It is essential to note that in recent years, there has been a growing interest in understanding and preserving maritime cultural heritage worldwide.Some previous studies, such as the works of Smith Rahman (2017), have underscored the significance of fishing communities in maintaining maritime traditions and understanding how their local knowledge has been passed down from generation to generation.While there is research emphasizing the crucial role of fishing communities in preserving maritime culture, there is currently no specific study that documents the maritime culture of Kepulauan Sangkarrang Subdistrict.This is the knowledge gap that this research seeks to address.By comprehending the local maritime culture in this area, we can achieve a deeper understanding of the history and traditions that influence the lives of the local community.This research aims to fill this knowledge gap and provide a more profound insight into the maritime culture of the people in Kepulauan Sangkarrang.Through this approach, the research has the potential to make a significant contribution to the science of maritime culture and assist the local community in appreciating and preserving their cultural heritage.Therefore, with this update, the research's objectives and their relation to the knowledge gap are explained more clearly, and the potential contribution of this research to the understanding of local maritime culture and science is emphasized.Hopefully, this enhances the clarity and focus of the paper.

Research Methods
The research methods used in the study of maritime cultural heritage of fishing communities in the Sangkarrang islands district, Makassar city, involve a comprehensive qualitative approach to carefully document, analyze, and understand this maritime cultural heritage.This method includes various data collection and analysis techniques to gain a profound understanding of maritime culture in this region.
1) Field survey: field surveys will be conducted to identify significant sites, artifacts, and relevant maritime cultural practices.This will involve direct observation by the researcher to document the physical and visual aspects of maritime cultural heritage.2) In-depth interviews: in-depth interviews will be conducted with local fishing community members, who are the holders of maritime knowledge and practices.
Interviews will cover topics such as traditional fishing techniques, navigation knowledge, the use of traditional tools, and related religious practices.3) Participatory observation: through participatory observation, the researcher will actively interact with the fishing community during their activities at sea.This will provide a deeper understanding of how maritime knowledge is used in daily practices.4) Document analysis: document analysis will be conducted to evaluate literature, archives, and other written resources related to maritime history and local culture in the sangkarrang islands.This may include historical records, old books, and other documentation.
The collected data will be qualitatively analyzed using a thematic approach.This analysis will involve the identification of cultural patterns, key findings, and the relationships between various aspects of maritime cultural heritage.The research will utilize software tools to support data analysis, such as NVivo or similar software.The results of this research will provide in-depth insights into the maritime cultural heritage in the Sangkarrang Islands and its role in preserving cultural identity, economic sustainability, and environmental management.This research will also provide the basis for policy recommendations that could potentially support the preservation and development of this maritime cultural heritage.

Results and Discussion
The research on the Maritime Cultural Heritage of Fishing Communities in the Sangkarrang Islands District, Makassar City, provides a profound understanding of the value and role of maritime cultural heritage in the lives of fishing communities in this region.Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that maritime cultural heritage in the Sangkarrang Islands holds significant importance in several key aspects.As stated by Prasetyo and Santoso (2016), "Maritime cultural heritage forms a strong foundation for the cultural identity of fishing communities in the Sangkarrang Islands.Knowledge of navigation, traditional fishing techniques, and maritime-related religious practices has been passed down from generation to generation and is a source of pride and strong identity for the community."This discussion delves deeper into the research findings and their relation to previous studies, highlighting their contributions and implications in understanding and preserving the maritime culture in Kepulauan Sangkarrang Subdistrict.(2018), "The discussion on the preservation of maritime culture is crucial in preserving the cultural identity long held by the fishing communities in the Sangkarrang Islands.Maritime cultural heritage is an integral part of their history and identity."This discussion highlights the importance of maintaining the continuity of maritime culture in preserving the identity and cultural sustainability of fishing communities.Without preservation, this valuable knowledge and practices could be lost with the passage of time.
The culture of Makassar is one of the important assets that should be preserved and maintained.This culture encompasses various aspects of the maritime community's life in Makassar, including customs, performing arts, traditions, language, and architecture.One form of preserving Makassar's culture is by showing respect for the customs and traditions that are still upheld to this day.This aligns with the viewpoint of Soeharto (2021), who states that "cultural preservation is an effort to safeguard and preserve cultural diversity and pass it on to future generations.In the context of sustainable marine resources, the perspective provided by Haryanto (2020) is highly relevant."Fishing practices passed down from generation to generation have helped fishing communities in maintaining balanced fish populations and marine ecosystems.Fishermen in Makassar have rich knowledge about various species and how to utilize them, including processing and marketing marine products" (Syaharuddin et al., 2017).Fishermen in Makassar possess traditional skills in processing marine products that have been handed down through generations (Hidayat et al., 2020).This is a real example of how the preservation of maritime culture contributes to ecological balance.Traditional fishermen in Makassar play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of marine ecosystems and the sustainability of fish resources (Rahman, 2017).Furthermore, sustainabilityoriented policies, such as the development of marine resource management policies, environmental protection, and the establishment of special maritime economic zones, can provide a positive stimulus for the growth of the maritime economy in Makassar (Azhari et al., 2019).Sustainable management and awareness of the importance of marine resource conservation are crucial to support the livelihoods of fishermen in Makassar (Darmawan et al., 2021).Therefore, sustainable management efforts such as setting fishing quotas, developing marine protected areas, and using environmentally friendly technologies are necessary (Dahuri et al., 2017).In the maritime economic sector, this can include the utilization of organic waste into fertilizer, the use of eco-friendly fishing gear, and effective industrial waste management (Zulfikar et al., 2021).This discussion emphasizes that traditional knowledge of sustainable fishing techniques is a valuable asset in maintaining the sustainability of marine ecosystems and the livelihoods of fishermen

Conclusion
Research on the Maritime Cultural Heritage of the Fishing Community in the District of Kepulauan Sangkarrang, Makassar City, provides a profound understanding of the importance of preserving and respecting maritime cultural heritage in the context of the fishing community's life.The conclusion of this research outlines several key findings that have been revealed during the study.
1) The Significance of Maritime Cultural Heritage: Maritime cultural heritage serves as a strong foundation for the cultural identity of the fishing community in the Kepulauan Sangkarrang.Knowledge of navigation, traditional fishing techniques, and maritimerelated religious practices has been passed down from generation to generation, becoming a source of pride and a strong identity for the community.
2) Role in Sustainability: Traditional knowledge of ecologically sustainable fishing techniques has supported the fishing community in maintaining the sustainability of marine resources in the region.Practices that respect the marine ecosystem have become a hallmark of the fishing community in Kepulauan Sangkarrang, contributing to the sustainability of marine resources.
3) Impact on Local Economy and Tourism: Maritime cultural heritage also has a significant economic impact.Traditional fishing practices and the sustainable management of marine resources support a sustainable fisheries sector and contribute to the income of the community.Furthermore, the development of sustainable maritime tourism based on maritime culture can provide additional income for the community and create new job opportunities.
4) Influence on Policies and Government Involvement: This research has the potential to influence government policies in support of the preservation of maritime culture and sustainable development in coastal areas.The research findings can serve as a basis for the government to formulate policies that support the preservation of maritime cultural heritage and the development of sustainable coastal regions.
In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of maritime cultural heritage in maintaining cultural identity, preserving marine resources' sustainability, and supporting local economic development.The preservation of maritime cultural heritage and the involvement of both government and local communities are highly relevant in addressing global challenges related to marine resources and climate change.This research provides a strong foundation for conservation and sustainable development efforts in Kepulauan Sangkarrang and its surrounding regions.
(Abdullah et al., 2018) (2012) corroborate previous studies emphasizing the pivotal role of fishing communities in the preservation of maritime culture.Smith (2022)noted that fishing communities often serve as custodians of local maritime knowledge, a consistent finding in our research.The results also align with Rahman's (2019) research, which underscores the importance of acknowledging and understanding the history of maritime culture in the context of preservation.In addition to reaffirming previous findings, this research fills a knowledge gap by specifically documenting the maritime culture in Kepulauan Sangkarrang Subdistrict.This is a significant contribution to comprehending the diversity of maritime cultures across different regions, enabling more in-depth comparisons.The practical implications of these findings are noteworthy.A better understanding of local maritime culture can support the development of sustainable tourism.By promoting and preserving maritime culture, this region can become an attractive tourist destination, resulting in economic benefits for the local community.Other implications include community empowerment through the development of sustainable livelihoods rooted in their maritime culture.The research findings also reveal that traditional knowledge of sustainable fishing techniques has supported the fishing community in maintaining the sustainability of marine resources in the region.In the words ofKartawijaya and Pradopo (2012), "Fishing practices that respect marine ecology have become a hallmark of the fishing community in the Sangkarrang Islands, contributing to the sustainability of marine resources.Prasetyo and Santoso (2016) affirm that "unique maritime practices and knowledge attract tourists seeking authentic experiences in the Sangkarrang Islands.In addition to the aforementioned findings, the research results reflect different perspectives within the context of Maritime Cultural Heritage of Fishing Communities in the Sangkarrang Islands District, Makassar City.According to Suryanegara (2017), Preserving maritime culture is not just about respecting the past but also about preparing for a sustainable future.Inherited maritime knowledge and practices can be valuable resources for innovation in the development of more efficient fishing technologies and methods.Moreover, Anderson (1983) also posits, "Maritime cultural heritage can be a powerful factor in national unity and identification.It belongs not only to the local fishing communities but is also part of Indonesia's national identity as a maritime nation.In this context, there is an important role for both the central and local governments in preserving and supporting this maritime cultural heritage.They can collaborate with fishing communities to formulate policies that not only support cultural preservation but also sustainable economic development in coastal areas.Rahman (2017) explains that "maritime trade has shaped the economic structure of Makassar society and has been a significant source of livelihood for them.Overall, the research highlights the multifaceted importance of maritime cultural heritage in the Sangkarrang Islands, emphasizing its cultural, ecological, economic, and policy implications.In addition to the national perspective, it is important to consider the international perspective in the context of Maritime Cultural Heritage of Fishing Communities in the Sangkarrang Islands District, Makassar City.According to UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), "Maritime cultural heritage is a precious asset that must be preserved and respected by all of humanity.This heritage not only reflects the cultural richness of a country but is also part of the world heritage that must be safeguarded for future generations."Susanto(2016)explainsthat"thepreservation of Makassar's maritime cultural heritage is important for preserving cultural identity and respecting our ancestral heritage.This viewpoint reflects the importance of maritime cultural heritage on a global scale.Maritime cultural heritage is not only a source of local pride but also has broader value as part of world heritage that needs to be preserved and passed down to future generations.Maryani (2021)explains that "maritime performance arts in Makassar have become a major attraction in cultural tourism in the city."Santoso(2018)statesthat the utilization of maritime cultural heritage as a tourist attraction can provide economic benefits and open up opportunities for local economic development.Maritime entrepreneurs in Makassar play a role as economic drivers, connecting fishermen with markets and other business opportunities (Suharto, 2018).In addition to UNESCO's perspective, it is also important to consider the views of authors who have investigated similar issues in various locations worldwide in the context of Maritime Cultural Heritage of Fishing Communities in the Sangkarrang Islands District, Makassar City.Pranoto (2019) explains that "the maritime industry of fishermen in Makassar provides employment, income, and contributes to regional revenues."Basedonthefindings of this research, there are several policy recommendations that can be made to support the preservation and development of maritime cultural heritage in the Sangkarrang Islands: These policy recommendations can help ensure the long-term sustainability and recognition of the maritime cultural heritage of the Sangkarrang Islands, benefiting both the local community and the global community interested in preserving maritime heritage.Local governments can take steps to support the preservation of traditional maritime knowledge and practices through educational programs, training, and cultural promotion.Ibrahim (2019) emphasizes that "the development of comprehensive policies and effective coordination between the government and stakeholders are key to preserving maritime cultural heritage.The development of sustainable marine tourism can provide additional income for fishing communities.However, it must be carried out with a focus on environmental and cultural preservation.Marine resource management policies must be continuously strengthened to ensure ecological sustainability and the livelihoods of fishermen.Sustainable marine resource management in Makassar should involve diverse stakeholders and consider social, economic, and ecological aspects(Putra et al., 2021).Sustainable fisheries management in Makassar should include strict monitoring, catch quota regulations, and the development of environmentally friendly fishing techniques(Abdullah et al., 2018).Fishing communities need to be empowered to take an active role in the preservation and promotion of their maritime cultural heritage.The government can support research and development in the maritime sector to harness traditional maritime knowledge in the development of more efficient and sustainable technologies and methods.These measures can contribute to the preservation of maritime cultural heritage while also promoting sustainable economic development and environmental conservation in the Sangkarrang Islands and beyond.Maritime cultural heritage can be integrated into the education curriculum in this region.This will help educate the younger generation about the importance and value of this heritage.Collaboration between fishing communities and local governments should be strengthened.This may include open dialogue and community participation in decisionmaking processes related to marine resource management and cultural preservation.Efforts can be made to nominate specific maritime cultural sites or practices from the Sangkarrang Islands for recognition as Human Heritage by UNESCO.This will help raise global awareness of the importance of this heritage.Fishing communities in the Sangkarrang Islands can engage in more intensive collaborations with researchers and fishing communities in other countries to conduct joint research and exchange knowledge.The discussion of the research on the Maritime Cultural Heritage of Fishing Communities in the Sangkarrang Islands District, Makassar City, is a crucial stage in understanding the implications of the research findings.The results of this research have wide-ranging impacts on various aspects of the fishing community's life and hold significant relevance in the context of cultural preservation and sustainable development.As stated by Simanjuntak (Nurhayati, 2018)edge of navigation and understanding of sea weather have also helped the fishing community cope with the challenges of climate change.In relevant research to these findings,Utomo (2015)noted that "inherited maritime knowledge assists fishing communities in wisely responding to increasingly unstable sea weather changes.Maritime cultural heritage also contributes to local livelihoods and the economy.As Soemarno (2018) states, "Traditional fishing practices and the sustainability of marine resources support a sustainable fisheries sector and contribute to community income.Furthermore, maritime cultural heritage has potential in the development of marine tourism."Collaboration between the government, entrepreneurs, and fishermen in the development of the maritime industry in Makassar can create sustainability, innovation, and sustainable economic growth"(Wijaya, 2021).The maritime community in Makassar plays a role as an economic driver, providing employment, and contributing to regional revenue(Nurhayati, 2018).According to Smith (2019), a writer who has studied maritime cultural heritage in various countries, "The preservation of maritime cultural heritage can serve as an inspirational example for many fishing communities worldwide.It demonstrates how traditional knowledge and practices can help communities survive in the modern era.In other words, this perspective highlights that what happens in the Sangkarrang Islands is relevant to other maritime nations.Maritime cultural heritage can provide inspiration to fishing communities worldwide to preserve their unique knowledge and practices.
(Sani et al., 2021)ains that "Makassar fishermen use traditional fishing techniques such as nets, fishing rods, and sailboats to effectively catch fish.The discussion about the local economic impact and maritime tourism is supported by the views ofPrasetyo (2017), "The development of culture-based maritime tourism can help increase local income and create new jobs.It also provides economic incentives to preserve maritime cultural heritage."Arifin(2016)notesthatMakassarfishermen have extensive traditional ecological knowledge about fish species, aquatic habitats, and the sustainability of marine resources.This discussion reflects how maritime cultural heritage is not only about cultural preservation but can also serve as an engine for sustainable local economic development.Tourist boats play a significant role in connecting tourists to marine tourist destinations around Makassar, thereby enhancing the region's tourism potential(Sani et al., 2021).The discussion regarding the influence of this research on policies and government involvement is supported by the views of Suryanegara (2019), "The results of this research can provide a foundation for the government to formulate policies that support the preservation of maritime culture and the development of sustainable coastal areas.This discussion highlights the crucial role of research in shaping public policies that promote the preservation of maritime culture and the sustainability of coastal regions.