Influence of ultraviolet radiation on sowing qualities of the cucumber family of the "Murashka" varieties

. Increasing the productivity of crops, preliminary stimulation of seeds. One of the effective physical methods of pre-sowing stimulation is the treatment of seeds with solar ultraviolet radiation A and B. The article examines the results of research studies measuring the density of germination energy and the similarity of the "Murashka" variety cucumber seeds. The analysis of dependences, and incomes according to the research results, allows the maximum values of germination energy and germination of cucumber seeds are 190 – 210 J/m 2 .


Introduction
The effectiveness of pre-sowing seed treatment of cultural results of such authors as Kondratieva N.P., Gazalov V.S., Karpov V.N., Belyakov M.V., Krasnolutskaya M.G., Chervinsky L.S., Romanenko A. I., and several others [2;4-10].In particular, Kondratiev N.P., Chervinsky L.S., and Romanenko A.I. study the influence of the distant sun on the change of cucumbers.So, the obtained dependence of N.P. Kondratieva established the relationship between the germination of cucumber seeds and the dose of ultraviolet radiation (figure 1).But this dependence is contradictory and does not allow studying the nature of this parameter for penetration.
Chervinsky L.S. and Romanenko A.I. conducted an experiment as treatment parameters chose the voltage of the DRT lamp, the temperature of seed treatment, and exposure [11].The effect of exposure dose during this experiment was considered indirectly through the level of voltage at the source and exposure (duration of exposure) and was not explicitly determined.For this flock, the presented analysis of the work performed in the field of studying the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the sowing qualities of vegetable seeds, in particular on the sowing qualities of cucumber seeds, is important.Based on this analysis, it can be argued that the issue of determining the radiation dose at which the maximum stimulating effect is achieved remains unresolved.

Materials and methods
We studied the effect of the dose of ultraviolet radiation in the range of UV-A and UV-B on the sowing qualities of cucumber seeds.For this task, an experiment was carried out in which a LE-30 lamp was used as a radiation source.The choice of the radiation source was due to its spectral characteristics.The maximum radiation density of LE-type lamps is in the wavelength range that has the maximum stimulating effect -320-380 nm [1;3].
The radiation source located at a height of 0.2 m above the irradiated surface, on which the seeds were placed in one layer.To measure ultraviolet irradiance, the "UV-Radiometer TKA-AVS" was used.
Seeds of cucumber varieties "Murashka" were exposed to ultraviolet radiation at the following doses: 50; 100; 150; 200; 250; 300; 350 J/m2.The number of seeds in the sample was 100 pcs.Seed germination took place in germinating beds between layers of moistened filter paper following the requirements of the GOST-12038-84 standard [12].
Table 1 presents the results of these experiments.

Results
In the course of the regression analysis, the general form of the functions and the values of the coefficients of the regression equation was determined, the significance of the coefficients of the regression equation was assessed by the Student's criterion and the resulting models were evaluated for adequacy.
Figures 2 and 3 show the results of the regression analysis of the dependence of the energy of germination of cucumber seeds of the "Murashka" variety on the exposure dose and the plot of the objective function.
The coefficients of the regression equation have the following values 0 82, 42857 b  , Where EP is the germination energy, %, DV is the exposure dose, J/m 2 .Similarly, a regression analysis of the dependence of the germination of cucumber seeds on the exposure dose was performed (figures 4 and 5).

Fig. 2. Table of regression analysis results to determine the coefficients of the regression equation between exposure dose (DV) and germination energy (EP).
Where VS is seed germination, %.The assessment of the adequacy and quality of the obtained models was carried out (1, 2), respectively, according to the Fisher criterion and the coefficient of determination (table 2).The resulting regression equations adequately describe the dependence of the energy of germination and germination of seeds of cucumber varieties "Murashka" on the dose of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the values of the coefficients of the regression equations are significant, the response values are in close relationship with the dose of exposure.

Conclusion
The analysis of objective function graphs (figures 3 and 5) led to the conclusion that presowing stimulation of cucumber seeds with ultraviolet radiation from areas A and B at an exposure dose in the range of 190-210 J/m 2 contributes to an increase in germination energy ( EP ) and germination (VS ) by 9 and 5% respectively.

Fig. 1 .
Fig. 1.Changes in the germination of cucumber seeds depending on the dose of UV irradiation [10].

Fig. 3 .
Fig. 3. Graph of the objective function of germination energy (EP) from exposure dose (DV) built according to the regression equation.

,Fig. 4 .
Fig. 4. Table of regression analysis results to determine the coefficients of the regression equation between exposure dose (DV) and seed germination (VS).

Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Graph of the objective function seed germination (VS) from exposure dose (DV) built according to the regression equation.

Table 1 .
The results of the study of the influence of the dose of ultraviolet radiation on the sowing qualities of seeds of cucumbers of the "Murashka" variety.