Malay Language Preservation In The Z Generation On Penyengat Island, Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands

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Introduction
Language is a tool used by speakers to communicate and convey thoughts, feelings and desires.In communicating, speakers try to convey information, either orally or in writing, to listeners or often called speech partners.Communication can be said to be good if the aims and objectives that the speaker wishes to convey can be understood and understood by the interlocutor without misperceptions or mistaken assumptions.Indonesian is the language of national unity.This is found in the third point of the Youth Pledge, namely "We, sons and daughters of Indonesia, uphold the language of unity, Indonesian".Apart from that, Indonesia has a variety of regional languages.Regional languages are also used by people to communicate.Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has a multicultural society.Differences in ethnicity, language and religion mean that Indonesia has a lot of cultural diversity.Languages that are different in each region are called regional languages.Regional languages have a very important position in Indonesia because regional languages are one of the national cultural heritages.The protection of regional languages is based on the 1945 Constitution article 32 paragraph 2 which states that "The State respects and maintains regional languages as national cultural assets".Regional languages are languages that are used as intra-regional liaison languages and are also part of Indonesian culture.Regional languages have the position of mother tongue (L1) and have the function of being a symbol of identity, a means of communication or communication in daily activities, both within the family and between groups of speakers of the language.With the development of language, an open society will receive new languages.This society will experience bilingualism or bilingualism.From the term, bilingualism refers to the use of two languages or two language codes.However, currently the development of the Indonesian language is very fast and comprehensive in every level of society.In fact, it is estimated that currently the use of Indonesian is increasingly entering people's lives.This is what causes regional languages to experience a shift, which is shown by the reduced interest of the younger generation in learning their regional languages as their regional identity.Technological developments can make it easier for information to enter quickly.Likewise with foreign languages or slang.The current young generation or what is usually called Generation Z, is more interested in learning foreign cultures and languages than their own regional languages.If this continues to happen, regional languages will gradually shift, even become extinct because there are so few speakers.It cannot be denied that modern life has eroded the existence of regional languages.A language maintenance study was carried out by Daniel [1].According to him, the decline of several regional languages in the East Minahasa region was caused by the influence of Manado Malay which was used to have higher dignity and Indonesian as the national language.Language maintenance studies have never been carried out on Penyengat Island, Riau Islands.Based on this, researchers conducted research on maintaining the Malay language in generation Z on Penyengat Island, Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands.Penyengat Island is one of the historical islands in the Riau Archipelago, precisely in Tanjungpinang City.The majority of the people on Penyengat Island are Malay.The reason the researcher chose this research is because there is bilingualism on Penyengat Island.This happens because there are mixed marriages between ethnic groups that occur in the Penyengat Island community.Children resulting from mixed marriages automatically have two languages other than Malay.As a historic island, Penyengat Island is often a tourist spot visited by both local and foreign visitors.This can cause foreign cultures and languages to enter Penyengat Island easily.Apart from that, the large number of young people studying outside the region and migrating has resulted in a mixture of languages used by the young generation on Penyengat Island to communicate.

Method
The research used in this research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach.Research with a quantitative approach can be interpreted as research that collects data in the form of numbers using research instruments, analyzes statistical data through samples and makes conclusions based on statistical data analysis [2].The method used in this research is descriptive method.The descriptive research method is a scientific study carried out to obtain information about the status of symptoms at the time the research was carried out so that it can be described systematically, both with and without hypothesis testing, and without treating the variables being observed [3].This research was carried out at RW 004 Penyengat Island, Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands Province.The population in this research is Generation Z on Penyengat Island, Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands, focused on Generation Z, Rukun Warga 004 Jalan Istana Laut.Based on interviews conducted by researchers with the Head of Rukun Warga 004, the number of residents born in 1997 -2012 was 50 people.The sample used in this research is a saturated sample.According to Sugiyono [2] saturated sampling is a sampling technique when the entire population is used as a sample.In this research, several indicators were used according to the Language Agency.The indicators used to assess the maintenance of a language are 1) language contact, 2) bilingualism, 3) domain of language use, 4) language attitudes, 5) learning, and 6) new challenges.These six indicators were then translated into twenty-one statements in the questionnaire that had been prepared.Data collection in this research used data collection techniques using questionnaires.This technique is used to obtain quantitative data.Questionnaires or questionnaires will be given to respondents.The questionnaire or questionnaire given is a closed questionnaire, namely a questionnaire that has provided answer choices, and the form of questionnaire used is a tiered questionnaire with five answers, namely strongly agree, agree, unsure, disagree and strongly disagree.After that, the data from this questionnaire will be processed quantitatively or statistically.The language maintenance criteria in this research refer to the criteria used by the Language Development and Development Agency of the Ministry of Education and Culture through Harimansyah [4].These criteria are measured based on the average value, namely 1. Very critical threat (0.00 -0.020); 2. Threatened (0.21 -0.40); 3. Experienced a setback (0.41 -0.60); 4. Stable, but potential for decline (0.61 -0.80);And 5. Safe (0.81 -1.00).

Result And Discussion
In this research, data collection was carried out by researchers using questionnaire distribution techniques.The distribution of questionnaires was carried out over three days starting on November 29 2022.There were 50 respondents in this study so that there were 50 questionnaires that the researchers had distributed.Following are the data obtained in this research.
Malay is the language used by the native people of Penyengat Island, Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands.However, Malay is also used by the immigrant community who married the Penyengat Island community.Mixed marriages are what cause children whose fathers and mothers come from different ethnic groups to be bilingual.This can be seen from the 50 respondents, respondents whose fathers and mothers were Malay were 36 people (72%), while the other 14 respondents (28%) were of mixed descent between Malay and other ethnic groups, namely Batak, Sundanese, Javanese, Bugis and Chinese.
Researchers conducted a Chi-Square test on six variables of Malay language use among generation Z on Penyengat Island.The six variables are language contact, bilingualism, domains of language use, language attitudes, learning, and new challenges.These variables are linked to 21 statements for which answer choices are provided.

Language Contact
The first variable is language contact.Language contact is the use of more than one language in the same place and time due to the relative distance between villages and cities, the mobility of speakers, the frequency of arrival of speakers of other languages, and people's access to mass media.Based on the results of these measurements, the gender criterion for language contact has a mean of 0.380333.According to Harimansyah [4], language contact with gender criteria is in the range 0.21-0.40,so it is included in the threatened category.
Furthermore, based on education, the average is 0.167333.According to Harimansyah [4], language contact with educational criteria is in the range of 0.00 -0.020, so it is in the critically endangered category.Next, based on type of work, the average is 0.324167.According to Harimansyah [4], language contact with job type criteria is in the range of 0.21 -0.40, so it is included in the threatened category.The total average language contact for language maintenance in generation z on Penyengat Island is 0.290611, this is in the range 0.21 -0.40, so it is included in the threatened category.
Language contact can influence the use of regional languages.Education and work that require high levels of language contact can over time displace the first language or mother tongue.This is in line with the theory put forward by Malabar [5] that language maintenance occurs because it is influenced by several things, one of which is the language contact situation.This is proven in the percentage table of respondents' answers.
It can be concluded that Penyengat Island is often visited by people outside Penyengat Island and generation Z often travels to other areas.Urban areas are places with various ethnic groups, so the national language is used to communicate, namely Indonesian.Apart from that, the large number of visitors who come to Penyengat Island causes language contact between the community and visitors.

Bilingualism
The second variable is bilingualism.Bilingualism is mastery of more than one language, such as mastery of one's own regional language, other regional languages, national languages and foreign languages.Bilingualism, on gender criteria, has a mean of 0.277333.According to Harimansyah [4], bilingualism with gender criteria is in the range 0.21-0.40,so it is in the threatened category.
Furthermore, based on education, the average is 0.510333.According to Harimansyah [4], bilingualism with educational criteria is in the range of 0.41 -0.60, so it is in the category of experiencing decline.Next, based on type of work, the average is 0.475333.According to Harimansyah [4], bilingualism with criteria for type of work is in the range of 0.41 -0.60, so it is in the category of experiencing decline.The total average language maintenance bilingualism in generation z on Penyengat Island is 0.421, this is in the range 0.41 -0.60, so it is in the category of experiencing decline.This is proven in the percentage table of respondents' answers.
It can be concluded that part of second language acquisition comes from friends or learning.The dominant language skills of the community are at a low level or the first language is still better than the second language.This is in line with the theory put forward by Alek [6] that humans will consider language as a social identity.Indonesian people will use Indonesian when communicating with people from other ethnic groups and will use their regional language when communicating with people who are of the same ethnic group and understand their regional language.

Language Use
The third variable is the domain of language use.The domain of language use, namely, language use in the formal, household, religious, educational and trade domains.In the domain of language use, the gender criterion has a mean of 0.25375.According to Harimansyah [4], the realm of use with gender criteria is in the range 0.21-0.40,so it is included in the threatened category.Furthermore, based on education, the average is 0.49125.According to Harimansyah [4], the realm of language use with educational criteria is in the range 0.41 -0.60, so it is in the  [4], the realm of language use with criteria for type of work is in the range of 0.41 -0.60, so it is in the category of experiencing decline.The total average domain of language use for language maintenance in generation z on Penyengat Island is 0.647, this is in the range 0.61 -0.80, so it is in the category of experiencing stability, but has the potential to experience decline.This is proven in the percentage table of respondents' answers.
It can be concluded that some Generation Z use their mother tongue when communicating in the formal realm, for example when seeking treatment at a health service center, apart from that, their mother tongue is used when communicating in the household and intimate realm.This happens when talking to family in the same house and to neighbors.Apart from that, language is not used in the educational realm, this can be observed during learning in the classroom and in the school environment.Generation z uses Indonesian.

Language Attitudes
The fourth variable is language attitudes.Language attitudes are the speaker's attitude towards the language, the government's attitude towards the language, and the institutional attitude towards the language.Language attitudes, on gender criteria, have a mean of 0.4966.According to Harimansyah [4], the realm of use with gender criteria is in the range 0.41 -0.60 so it is in the category of experiencing decline.Furthermore, based on education, the average is 0.4724.According to Harimansyah [4], language attitudes with educational criteria are in the range 0.41 -0.60, so they are in the category of experiencing decline.Next, based on type of work, the average is 0.6854.According to Harimansyah [4], the realm of language use with criteria for type of work is in the range 0.61 -0.80, so it is in the stable category, but has the potential to experience decline.The total mean attitude towards language maintenance in generation z on Penyengat Island is 0.551467, this is in the range 0.41 -0.60, so it is in the category of experiencing decline.This is proven in the percentage of respondents' answers.
It can be concluded that language attitudes are still good based on gender, education and occupation.Generation Z is also open to Malay and Indonesian, but this does not reduce their loyalty to their regional languages.The concern is that the continuous use of slang will fade the use of Malay among Generation Z.

Learning
The fifth variable is learning.Learning is the transmission or spread of language between generations, the readiness of teaching materials, and the readiness of literacy materials.Learning, the gender criterion has an average of 0.373.According to Harimansyah [4], the realm of use with gender criteria is in the range 0.21 -0.40 so it is included in the threatened category.
Furthermore, based on education, the average is 0.595.According to Harimansyah [4], learning with educational criteria is in the range 0.41 -0.60, so it is included in the category of experiencing setbacks.Next, based on type of work, the average is 0.402.According to Harimansyah [4], learning with job type criteria is in the range 0.41 -0.60, so it is included in the category of experiencing setbacks.The total average of language maintenance learning in generation z on Penyengat Island is 0.456667, this is in the range 0.41 -0.60, so it is in the category of experiencing decline.This is proven by the percentage of respondents' answers.
In item nineteen, 5 respondents (10%) chose to agree, no respondents strongly agreed, 11 respondents (22%) were unsure, 19 respondents (38%) disagreed, and 15 respondents (30%) strongly disagreed. .Furthermore, on the twentieth point, 10 respondents (20%) chose to agree, 1 respondent (2%) strongly agreed, 1 respondent (2%) was unsure, 26 respondents (54%) disagreed, and 11 respondents (22%) strongly don't agree.It can be concluded that students today are less able to use regional languages well, so they use Indonesian to communicate with teachers because Malay is not taught in formal schools and there are no adequate teaching materials for learning Malay.

New Challenges
The sixth variable is new challenges.New challenges, namely speakers' responses to new domains and media.New challenges, on the gender criterion, have a mean of 0.574.According to Harimansyah [4], new challenges with gender criteria are in the range 0.41 -0.60, so they are in the category of experiencing setbacks.Furthermore, based on education, the average is 0.449.According to Harimansyah (2017:25), new challenges with educational criteria are in the range of 0.41 -0.60, so they are in the category of experiencing setbacks.Next, based on type of work, the average is 0.592.According to Harimansyah [4], new challenges with criteria for type of work are in the range 0.41 -0.60, so they are in the category of experiencing setbacks.The total average of new challenges for language maintenance in generation z on Penyengat Island is 0.8075, this includes in the range 0.81 -1.00, so it is included in the safe category.This is proven in the percentage of respondents' answers.
Based on the description above, the average language maintenance rate for generation Z on Penyengat Island, Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands is presented.Based on the table above, the total mean value of 0.529040833 is included in the value range 0.41 -0.60.This shows that the maintenance of the Malay language in generation z on Penyengat Island, Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands is in a position of decline.Status of the Malay language maintenance category in the areas of language contact, bilingualism, language use, language attitudes, learning and new challenges.

Conclusion
This language preservation research focuses on the vitality of the Penyengat Island Malay language.Based on the research results and discussions that have been presented, it can be concluded that the highest average is new challenges, 0.8075 and the lowest is language contact, namely 0.290611.However, the total average of Malay language retention is 0.529040833, including in the value range 0.41 -0.60.This shows that the maintenance of the Malay language among Generation Z on Penyengat Island, Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands is in a position of decline.

Table 1 .
Results of Measurement of Malay Language Maintenance in Generation Z on Penyengat Island, Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands