Determination of species of entomophages in reducing the number of pests in agro-biocenosis of Karakalpakstan

. The article presents the results of studies on determining the importance of species of entomophages spread in the field in the development of pests in the agrobiocenosis biotope of Karakalpakstan. The important processes of carrying out biological control measures in the effective protection of agricultural crops from pests have been identified. The scientific basis of the effective use of entomoacarifage species of biotic factors in controlling pest species and numbers has been proven and recommended for introduction into production.


Introduction
The territory of Karakalpakstan is particularly important due to its agro-climate, soil, plants and types of cultivated agricultural crops, which are slightly different from other regions.The main features are extraorid, harsh climatic conditions, the air temperature is expected to be 40-45 0 С in summer, and minus 20-25 0 С cold is observed in winter.According to the systematics of animal species adapted to the elements of these abiotic and existing biotic factors, On the systematics of animal species adapted to these abiotic and available biotic factors, some representatives of the class of insects (Insecta) belonging to the tracheal breathing (Tracheata) subtype of Arthropoda have been proven as a result of scientific research that they are one of the most common species in biotopes [5,6].
If the main representatives of these species are considered pests that reduce the quality and quantity of crops due to their feeding on agricultural crops, some representatives of this class are entomophages that feed on the bodies of pests [1,9].
Insects belonging to the arthropod type, ticks, millipedes and crustaceans are common in our area.The species of insects and mites cause more damage to agricultural crops in our region, and some of these species are used as an object of biological methods to combat crop pests as entomoacarifages [10,11].
It has been proven that these species are very useful in the fight against pests spread in the fields of agricultural crops, and in recent years, effective means of protection have been developed thanks to the use of entomophages.As the main biotic factor of these activities, special researches are being carried out for scientific justification of today's urgent task in order to identify and eliminate the factors that negatively affect the development of entomophagous species spread in the conditions of agrobiocenosis of Karakalpakstan.

Research object and used methods
Species of pests and entomophages found in the biotope are the main object of work, researches [2] were conducted to study the conditions of bioecological development of the species [10], organized control measures [7].Modern methods and means of integrated protection of plants from pests [8].

Research results
The territory of Karakalpakstan is considered one of the biotic factors that have been proven to cause great damage by increasing the number of pests depending on the types of agricultural crops grown in the agrobiocenosis biotopes and their development phases.The fact that some types of pests multiply in abundance with the help of external environmental factors and have a negative effect on the growth and development of plants, reducing the main part of the harvest and reducing its quality is one of the links between these biological bodies.In order to eliminate the existing problem, the main activities are to carry out measures against the pests that spread in the field and cause damage to the types of agricultural crops.Therefore, it is necessary to apply agrotechnical, biological and chemical methods of control against rotting and sucking pests, and to carry out processes to eliminate the criterion of damage caused by pests.
One of the main tasks of ecological science in recent years is the requirement not to have a negative impact on external environmental factors when carrying out pest control measures.In this regard, effective use of entomoacarifage species spread in biotopes, methods of artificially multiplying species in biolaboratories and distributing them to the field were developed.In order to ensure the biological, economic and economic efficiency of the event, first of all, it is necessary to determine the types of entomoacarifage distributed in the biotopes, and to determine the external environmental factors that affect the bioecology of development.
Taking into account the changes in the agrobiocenosis of Karakalpakstan, studies were conducted to determine the types of entomoacarifages spread in biotopes, and the types of beneficial insects that reduce the number of pests in the main crops were determined (Table 1).
The analysis of the results proves that the type of entomoacarifage species that feed on nutrients from the bodies of pests spread in the fields of agricultural crops in the agrobiocenosis and live in this place, which feed on the host by means of parasitism and predation, is proved to be sufficient.Taking into account the conditions of bioecological development of these species, observations were made on the basis of the need to determine the methods of using the opportunity to reduce the number of pests.Effective use of existing entomophages in pest-spread areas requires full knowledge of the bioecological development conditions of species in order to determine the theoretical and practical bases of the biological relationship between species and to apply them in production.
Among the parasites, Trichogramma (Trichogramma evanescens) was found in the fields of cotton, vegetables, rice and grain crops due to the increase in the eggs of owlet moths, moths and other pests, while it was noted that bracon (Bracon hebetor) developed in greater numbers in the fields of cotton and vegetables.
Encarsia Formosa (Encarsia Formosa), a specialized entomophage of the whitefly, is the main species that rapidly multiplies and reduces the number of hosts as a result of optimal conditions for the development of this species in plants where the pest is spread.
Conditional signs: --does not occur; + -occurs Apanteles (Apanteles ruficus) has been proven to be dependent on the host and its distribution area.It was considered that the number of entomophages increases in the fields where owlet moths, which are considered the main species, reduce the number of pests to a certain extent until the end of the growing season.
The active movement of entomocariphagous species is observed in predatory species, whose feeding is almost unselected, and omnivorous insects are more common in the fields.Mainly, it was considered that the number of species of ladybug (Coccinella septempunctata), green lacewing (Shrysopa cornea), tachinidae (Clytiomyia helluo) and rove beetle (Staphylinidae) living in the soil was sufficient in the agricultural crop fields where observations were made.To determine the extent to which these entomophages feed on insect pest species, biological potential of the pistil, the ability to lay eggs, and host destruction of her offspring were studied (Table 2).
As a result, it has been proven that the pistil of trichogramma from entomophages lays one egg (25-30 pieces per pistil) in the eggs of the owlet moth, and the worms that emerge from it feed on the food in the eggs of this host and completely destroy it in the egg phase, which further increases the prestige of the biological control measure.The mentioned biological feature is characteristic of bracon entomophagus, which develops in worms of cotton moths and lays 400-500 eggs on its hosts.Of the parasites, it was taken into account that the pistil of ladybug lays up to 250-2900 eggs, the adult breed uses up to 100 eggs, and the worms use up to 85 eggs for food.Other observed entomophages have been proven to reduce the number of pests that multiply in the field during the development period.The results of ongoing scientific research and previous experiences in this regard require the introduction of entomophages as elements of biological control in all agricultural crops.

Conclusion
It was determined that the existing abiotic and biotic factors in the agrobiocenosis biotopes of Karakalpakstan have a favorable effect on the effective use of entomoacarifages spread in the field in the protection of agricultural crops from pests.In these agro-climatic biotopes, more than 100 species of arthropods that cause damage due to feeding on plants in the fields of agricultural crops have appeared, 31 of these species cause serious damage, 19 species gnaw plant bodies, and 12 species are insects and mites that feed by sucking food.It was proved that the entomoacarifages of the species multiplied in the field were sufficiently distributed.As the main source of life of these species are insects, which are considered pests, it has been proven that the number of those scattered in the field will negatively affect the development bioecology and drastically reduce their number.This biological connection between biological species is considered the main principle of conducting biological control methods against pests of agricultural crops.For the development of trichogramma, bracon, ladybug, green lacewing, rove beetle, tachinidae, and others from the entomoacarifages scattered in the field, it is necessary to create conditions for the development of the populations of the species that appeared in the village as a result of the creation of the currents of abiotic and biotic factors in the field from early spring.In addition, recommendations were made on the introduction of methods that create conditions for the rapid formation of natural populations in the field due to the propagation of entomophages in biolaboratories by existing methods and distribution as soon as the pest begins to develop.

Table 2 .
The importance of entomophagous species in reducing the number of pests Chimbay, Kegeyli, Nukus districts of the Republic ofKarakalpakstan, 2017Karakalpakstan,  -2019