Analysis of the levels of pollution in the Ujong Pancu Beach on Physical-Chemical Quality

. Checking and monitoring water quality pollution is an important thing to do. In general, tourist areas are more susceptible to water pollution. The Peukan Bada subdistrict area has Ujung Pancu beach with a length of ± 2 km and is a marine area that plays an important role for the surrounding community. The development of human activities that occur around coastal areas will have an impact on water pollution. The aim of this research is to determine the level of pollution that occurs in the waters of Ujung Pancu Beach using the Pollution Index method based on physicochemical measurements. Water quality values are measured based on water quality standards for marine tourism purposes in the Minister of Environment Decree No. 22 of 2021. Based on the results of the analysis carried out, the result was that the level of pollution obtained was moderate pollution. The average value obtained at high tide is around 8.09 and at low tide around 8.47. Overall, the water quality parameters of Ujung Pancu beach need to be considered so that they are maintained so that they do not have a negative impact on tourist visits and marine tourism activities.


Introduction
Ujung Pancu beach is one of the coastal places in Aceh Besar District, with a coastline length of ± 2 km.It is situated in the Lam Pageu Village, Peukan Bada district, Aceh.With a land area of 3.60 km2, Gampong Lam Pageu is situated on the seashore.There is a sea region at Ujung Pancu that is significant to the local population.The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries recognized Ujong Pancu as a Regional Marine Conservation Area (KKPD) in 2020.However, because there are a lot of fish in these waterways, the locals use them for fishing.In addition, this location is becoming more and more popular with tourists.A contributing element to the watery ecosystem in this region is the presence of coral reefs surrounding Ujung Pancu, which is close to Pulau Tuan, a small island [1].
The ports, populations, tourism, and industrialization of coastal cities are all factors that contribute to the pollution of their coastal waters.Activities that can produce waste, either directly or indirectly, often disrupt the ecosystem of coastal waters.In addition to causing economic and ecological losses like decreased biological productivity of waters, fish and other marine biota mortality, and damage or decrease in aesthetic value, pollution can have a negative impact on people's health and even cause death in urban areas.those who consume the marine biota that is present in coastal rivers [2].
The Ujung Pancu water area faces a number of issues, including marine pollution brought on by waste from nearby communities and shrimp ponds.The seawater surrounding the area may become a different color as a result of this.Organic waste, which is primarily leftover food, can upset the equilibrium of coastal ecosystems by accumulating organic elements that can lead to an increase in blooming algae, which can disturb fish communities in the waters.The primary waste product of ponds is ammonia [3], which is typically present in estuaries in large quantities.Ammonia can cause eutrophication and even algal blooms in the sea or estuary, which makes it dangerous along with other nitrogen compounds like nitrates and nitrites.Disease can also be spread by waste that has not been treated before being disposed of, particularly waste from ponds where cultivated shrimp are sick.Furthermore, water from the sea or other natural sources is what most fish farmers use for cultivation.Temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity or brightness, and nitrate are physicochemical parameters that are frequently used as indicators that measure the quality and pollution status of water [4].In order to conduct this research, the quality of the waters in Ujung Pancu was assessed in July 2023 at high tide and low tide as required with the Maritime Tourism.

Study Area
The location of the research was carried out in the waters of Lam Pageu Village (Figure 1) in Peukan Bada, Aceh Besar in three stations.The oceanographic parameter analysis was carried out at the Environmental Quality Testing Engineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Syiah Kuala and the pollution index method analysis was conducted at the Chemical Laboratory of the Faculty of Marine and Fisheries of the University of Kuala Shia on July 10, 2023.

Samples collection and processing
The research conducted from 20 to 29 June 2023.The method used in this study is a descriptive method by collecting data from observations carried out in the field with the aim of obtaining a picture of the situation and conditions.Researchers focus on a case to be observed and analyzed accurately in the form of a group or an individual.The stages of research to be carried out are: (1) Preparation of equipment and transportation for water sampling, (2) Prepare equipment for recording the data obtained, (3) Sampling of water data, (4) Testing sample water quality.
Measurement of test parameters using the pollution index of the physical and chemical parameters based on Government Regulation [5].Water samples were taken to test physical and chemical parameters twice at high tide and low tide.Water samples were taken using a water sampler with a depth of 1 meter.Then put it in a sterile bottle and store it in the coolbox.Water quality parameters such as salinity, temperature, brightness, pH, and DO are carried out in-situ.Meanwhile, nitrite, ammonia and phosphate were analyzed at the Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Syiah Kuala University.

Test results
The quality of the water used for maritime tourism should ideally meet the standard values both physically and chemically.Water quality values are measured on the basis of the water quality standards.If the measurement results for each parameter not yet fulfilled the quality standards, then the water can be categorized as polluted.The following are the results of the analysis of the physicochemical parameters of the waters of Lam Pageu village at high and low tide, presented in Table 1 below:  1 of results from the analysis of measurements of physical and chemical parameters, it was found that the characteristics of the level of seawater pollution at high tide and low tide using the Water Pollution Index method were classified as Moderately Polluted which occurred in all locations.So, the Moderately Polluted category at low tide is found at the fishing location with the highest value of 8.69.The lowest pollution category at high tide is at the dock location with a value of 7.90.

Discussion
The quality of the sea water used for sea tours and other activities should ideally meet standards, both physically and chemically.Quality values of marine waters that exceed the maximum threshold for their distribution will be classified as polluted waters.As for the influence of the rise in pollution in the waters of Lam Pageu Village, the very high values at the time of the recession have been reduced in the water.Lam Pageu Village is usually used by the community as a tourist destination and fishing in the surrounding waters, activities can be done in the sea slopes that are dominated by water both on the surface and in water.The sea has an extraordinary attraction to mankind [6].This is reflected in the fact that most of the world's large population lives along the coast.The development of maritime tourism in this era is a business that forms an important component of the extensive tourism industry.
The pollution index method (IP) is an index used in determining the magnitude of the level of contamination according to the parameter of water quality status authorized by the government [7] [8].The pollution index method has advantages in terms of determining the water quality status [11].
The research according to the Water Pollution Index method was carried out by comparing the level of values between high and low tide of Lam Pageu village in 2023.The water quality pollutant parameters reviewed in this study are then compared to the seawater quality standards.When the quality of the water exceeds the maximum threshold allowed in the standard standard of quality, then the water quality is said to decrease according to its provisions so that it belongs to contaminated water [9].

Water quality analysis
The quality of the sea water used for maritime tourism activities must meet standards, both physically and chemically.Seawater quality values that do not reach the minimum and significant differences will be classified as polluted waters.As for the results obtained from institutional and laboratory measurements of some physiological and chemical parameters in Lam Pageu coastal waters at the time of high tide presented in Table 1.Salinity affects the life of coral animals due to the presence of osmosis pressure on living tissues.The optimum salinity for coral life ranges between 30-33 ppt, because the presence of coral is fairly low in high rainfall areas [10].
Water temperature is crucial in the existence of biodiversity that is a tourist attraction.The Table 1 indicates that the temperature concentration at the time of planting ranges from 27.5 to 29 °C, where the temperature is the optimal temperature to allow the coral reefs to grow and thrive [11].The brightness at the time of installation in Lam Pageu ranges from 6-7.25 m with an average depth of 8 to 9 meters.A water that has a high brightness value in normal (bright) weather, giving an indication or indication of the low level of dissolved and suspended particles in the water [12].
The level of dissolved oxygen in the chart in the village of Lam Pageu is high enough that marine biota activity can oxidize organic material quite well.Oxygen is used by aquatic organisms in the process of respiration and decomposition of organic and inorganic substances [13].While the pH range in Lam Pageu at the time of planting is in the range of , 02013 (2024) BIO Web of Conferences ICFAES 2023 https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/2024870201387 9.4 -9.8, the value at pH 9 causes a worrying impact on the variety of biosphere that is a tourist attraction.And other parameters that exceed the threshold limit of bacteria such as ammonia (1,54-2,1 mg/L), nitrites (2,58-3,53 mg/ L), and phosphate (0,22-0,72 mg/ l).As for the results obtained from institutional and laboratory measurements of some physical and chemical parameters in the coastal waters of the Ujung Pancu at the time of recession presented in Table 1.On the brightness parameter, depth determines how far the penetration of light is.Brightness is >6 which means the depth at the time of recession must be more than 6 meters to be counted.At the time the average depth in Lam Pageu ranges from 7 to 8 meters.
Ammonia is abundantly found in liquid waste, both domestic waste, agricultural waste, and waste from factories, especially nitrogen fertilizer plants [14].Liquid waste from ammonia plants contains up to 1000 mg/L ammonium.Therefore, the presence of ammonia in wastewater is severely limited.European countries limit the ammonia content in wastewater to a maximum of 0.5 mg/L, while American countries limit it to 0.77mg/L [15].
The high ammonia presence would disrupt the existence of organisms around the waters.Under the conditions of abundance of oxygen dissolved ammonia will undergo nitrification in water and become nitrites and subsequently with the help of bacteria nitrite undergoes change and into nitrates [16].With the presence of nitrates and phosphates sufficiently high will give the effect of the occurrence of eutrophication which can stimulate the growth of phytoplankton quickly and result in algae blooming.Nitrate levels above 5 mg/L describe pollution derived from human activity [17].
From community activities which tend to throw industrial waste and household waste into the sea, this also has an impact on the biota of green mussels and oysters due to the high levels of cadmium and lead metal taken from the bottom of the waters, while green mussels in cultivation containers on the surface and water column have safe limit for consumption, because the ability to absorb metal is very high [18].
In water, nitrites (NO2) can usually be found in very small amounts than nitrates, because they are unstable with the presence of oxygen.Nitrite is an intermediate between ammonia and nitrate (nitrification).Nitrites in water consumed or used in everyday life can be hazardous to health.In humans, excessive consumption of nitrites can cause the oxygen binding process to be interrupted by blood hemoglobin, which subsequently forms hemoglobins that are incapable of binding.Water pollution concentration of nitrites in water commonly used by the public should not exceed 0.06 mg/L [19].
The Natural sources of phosphate in waters are the weathering of mineral rocks and the decomposition of organic materials.Anthropogenic sources of phosphate are industrial waste, domestic waste, drift from fertilizers, and the destruction of organic materials and phosphate minerals [20].Excessive levels of phosphate in surface water can lead to eutrophication.Eutrophication is the result of a blooming algae in waters 7 so that it can interfere with other biota of those waters.Because there are no gaps in the sunlight so that the organisms below it will die, the dead organisms will be decomposed by bacteria and need a lot of oxygen, so the oxyge levels in the water will be reduced and the water biota in it will be disrupted.[21].
For this reason, carrying capacity is needed to overcome the environmental impact of shrimp ponds to realize sustainable aquaculture industrialization and maintain marine ecosystems which have great potential for the future, Then it is necessary to carry out an environmental impact analysis (AMDAL) if the development of both intensive and semiintensive pond areas is carried out, so that waste in the waters can be controlled, by reducing the recommended shrimp stocking density, so that the feed provided is also in accordance with pond waste that leaves the environment [22].

Conclusions
Based on the results of research on the quality of waters in Lam Pageu at high tide and low tide, it shows moderate pollution with several parameters that have passed the quality standard thresholds such as nitrite, ammonia, phosphate and pH. and the highest level of pollution is when low tide.

Table 1 .
The analysis of the physicochemical parameters of the waters of Lam Pageu village Nb: BM (Quality standards), St.1 fishing spot, St.2 Tourist spot.St.3 Dock, and TS (Moderately Polluted)