Analysis of the Profile of Canal User Communities in the Bangah River Canal Blocking Project Area in Sebangau National

. The Bangah River is in Sebangau National Park's Bangah Resort, which covers an area of 48,790 ha and is about 35 km southwest of Garung town or about 2 hours by ces boat. Most of the Bangah River area is populated by people of the Dayak and Banjar ethnic groups who do not live there. This study used the probability sampling method to take samples from communities that use canals. This is a sampling method that takes a chance into account. In this study, the probability sampling method is simple random sampling, which means that each unit in the community has an equal chance of being chosen. This research is meant to determine how the community that uses the canal is made up in terms of age, education level, income level, public knowledge about the benefits of canal blocking, and how the community sees the effects of canal blocking. It is also meant to determine how the community thinks canal blocking should be done (for example, by changing the canal's shape or where canal blocking should be placed) and what the community wants.


Introduction
The focus of this study is to examine the correlation between canal blockage and canal utilization in Sebangau National Park (SNP).This research focuses on prioritizing the demographic that actively utilizes this communication channel.The objective of this research is to determine the demographic characteristics of the canal user community, including age, educational attainment, economic level, community awareness of the advantages of canal blockage, and the community's perception of the effects of canal construction in SNP.Canals are present throughout SNP, penetrating the forest and leading to the drying up of the peat, which in turn produces challenging-to-extinguish major fires.The canal spans a total length of 673,486 kilometers, encompassing nine specific places inside SNP [1].Should this canal discharge water without closure, it has been empirically demonstrated to exert a detrimental influence on the peatland environment.It has been noted that this leads to a decrease in the variety of plant species [2].
Dayak and Banjar groups have lived on the banks of the two largest rivers for a long time, using the canals to make a living [3].The canal is utilized by community organizations for fishing throughout the months of May and June.The Channa micropeltes, also known as the snakehead fish, is the predominant species captured in the Sebangau River [4].
Economically, the fish that the people who benefit from the canal can catch in the Sebangau River is enough to meet the needs of their families.However, the community overfishes because of other needs [5].The primary economic activity in the region is centred around fishing.However, fishermen's income is subject to significant demand [6].
The peat swamp forest in the SNP area is a pretty good place to live.People who use the canal go to the forest to find food and traditional medicines still available in their natural environment [7].Destruction of forests is one of the most critical problems.At the moment, people who live in the SNP buffer zone depend on the natural resources that are already there.But because of the lack of well-being, the community has to take part in many things that are against SNP policy and have the potential to upset direct ecosystems [8].
The development strategy for the Sebangau National Park tourism region encompasses the construction of infrastructure that facilitates tourism growth, with collaborative efforts with both the private sector and the government to secure investments.[9].The most important programs for keeping SNP running are the ones that teach skills and information.This program successfully brought together locals and SNP management to keep and run the area as planned [10].
There is also a project to wet peatlands in the SNP area to stop forest fires.For this project to wet the peat, Galam wood blocks streams (Melaleuca cajuputi) [11].In the Dayak language, the project to wet the peat is called "canal blocking" or "tabat" [12].Some neighbourhood groups helped build canal blockings, while others didn't because it made it hard for people to get to the canal [13].Rejection from people who use the canal because they don't think they have a direct role in running the national park [14].
Community empowerment has emerged as a viable strategy for resolving social conflicts [15].National parks exhibit varying sources of conflict, necessitating the implementation of diverse policy instruments.Various instruments can be employed, encompassing regulatory, administrative, fiscal, economic, and administrative instruments [16].
Forest and land fires often happen near SNP buffer towns during the dry season.The area manager has annually implemented peat forest fire prevention measures within the SNP.Fires continue to pose a significant threat, particularly during periods of low precipitation [17].The most significant issue in protecting Indonesian peatlands is repeated peatland fires.In the dry season, peatlands have little water, causing drought and fires.However, canals overflow during the wet season, causing flooding [18].The Rewetting Program aims to bring peatlands back to something close to their natural hydrology.This is done by stopping canals, filling canals, and building deep wells [19].
The peat rewetting project keeps going because it works to raise the water level in the ground [20].The fire ignition was precipitated by communal activities within and close to the vicinity.The aggregate monetary damages from the fires that affected an approximate area of 4364 hectares amounted to 134 billion Indonesian Rupiah [21].One potential strategy to address this issue is implementing proactive measures such as engaging in outreach activities, empowering the community, and conducting early detection patrols for forest and land fires [22].Most forest fires in the region of SNP can be attributed to community actions aimed at land clearance, accounting for 43% of such incidents.
Additionally, social friction contributes to around 15% of these fires.Forest fire management significantly emphasises adopting a social approach within community-based forest management (CBFM).This is achieved through various strategies, such as cultivating medicinal plants and establishing a Forest Danger Index (FDI) board [23].People who use the canal should be able to be identified with the help of this study.In the study, 100 people who used the canals around SNP took part.One-variable analysis with frequency distribution was used to look at the data.A frequency distribution table was used for univariate analysis to describe the data that had been received [24].
The end goal of this study is to find out how the community that uses the canal is made up and what is wanted for the long-term control of the watershed

Materials and methods
The study was done in Garung Village, the Pulang Pisau Regency of the Central Kalimantan Province.There were 1144 people in this study as a whole [25].This study takes samples from the people who use the canals using "probability sampling" This is a sampling method that takes chances into account.As a result, the researcher gets a sample size of 91.96, which is then changed to 100 respondents [26].The primary data for this study came from talks with people who use canals.A questionnaire from Hendro Sopha's research was used as a research tool and then changed to fit the goals of this study [27].After collecting quantitative data, the group was asked in-depth questions to get more qualitative information to back up the quantitative data [28].
In this study, the selection method is simple random sampling, meaning that every community unit has an equal chance of being chosen [29].This study aims to determine how the community that uses the canal is made up in terms of age, level of education, income, knowledge of the benefits of canal blocking, and how the community sees the effects of canal blocking.

Gender
Most of the people in this study's sample were guys because most of the work that canal users did was hard and heavy, like going into the forest to cut wood or catch a lot of fish.

Education
Most people in this study's group did not finish Junior High School.In theory, this will affect how much a person knows and how well they can take in information, give good answers, and make decisions. ,

Marital status
Most of the people in this study's sample were married, so they must meet their families' needs more.

Income level
Most people in this study earn less than the District Minimum Wage (UMK), Rp. 3,223,402.Interviews show that they only make between Rp 500,000 and Rp 1,700,000 monthly.So, they'll do weird jobs that lead to illegal things, like killing too many fish by electrocuting or poisoning them, which also kills the baby fish.Aside from that, you can also make money by cutting down trees like galam, cerucuk, and gemor to get their wood.

Level of job
Most of the people in this study's group were fisherman.But in-depth interviews show that this job is not their only steady source of income, since they look for other jobs when the catch is low.If they go to the canal to fish but don't catch much, they will look for other things in the bush so they don't have to go home empty-handed.Also, when a government or private projects need galam or cerucuk wood, canal users help meet this market demand.So, they'll make more money.

Dependency level in the family
Most people in this study's sample have 2 or 3 people who count on them.Most of the time, if a child can help their parents with their work, that child will follow in their parents' paths and become a canal user to make a living.Dependence on as many as two or three people is considered quite heavy for samples whose incomes are below the minimum wage in the Pulang Pisau area.

Time Spent in the village
Most people in this study's group have lived in Garung village for over 5 years.In fact, they were born, raised, and their grandparents also lived in Garung village, so they are natives of the area.This makes them very familiar with the area where they live.However, because they are poor and don't have many skills, they don't dare to go abroad and have to rely on the jobs they have and can do in Garung village to make a living.

Knowledge level
Based on a sample of interviews with people in the community who use the canal, it turns out that they know a lot about canal blocking and how to use it, even though they don't have a lot of schooling.This happened because they got information about how to use canal blocking from SNP, which was in charge of building the canal blocking in the first place.Some people in the community are asked to help build the canal blockings that are already there.This gives them a chance to learn something new and, of course, helps them make more money.
Table 9. Distribution of the level of knowledge of people who use channels.

Level of perception
Most people who use canals know a lot, but it turns out that most don't know much about how canals get blocked.This means they are still upset even though they know blocking canals has benefits, like stopping forest fires.During in-depth conversations, several people who used the canal said it blocked their way to where they wanted to go, especially when the water started to go down.

Level of participation
People who use the canal are excited to help build the canal barrier because it will bring them more money.Based on the results of in-depth interviews, when the community talks about canal blocking, they tend to think more about how they can make money in the short term (like by helping build a canal blocking) than how the canal blocking itself will help them in the long run.So, suppose the canal blocking has an extra value that may improve the economy of canal users long-term.In that case, canal users will likely keep it working so it doesn't get damaged since they directly benefit from it.People aren't very good at using the natural resources around them to improve their lives because they don't have much schooling or make much money.Their social environment hasn't changed much either.

The way people feel about the environment
Less care is taken about the environment in the places that use the river.They tend to focus on getting things from forests and rivers but haven't found ways to keep these natural resources around.Because they don't have much schooling, it changes how they look for and get information about how to keep the environment healthy.They still think that nature can care for itself, no matter how much people take from it and use it.During the interviews, it was found that most channel users only think about how to make short-term gains and don't think about the long-term effects.Their low income influences this, but they still must ensure their families have a good life. ,

Conclusion
Communities that use canals already know a lot about how canal-blocking works.Still, most don't like the idea of building canal-blocking because they think it makes it harder for them to get around and make money, even though their lives depend significantly on forest and river products.Strengthening environmental education in schools near Garung village through the Adiwiyata program.This will help people learn about and be aware of the environment from a young age, which will help protect the environment.

Tabel 7 .
Channel user dependency levels and their frequency distribution.

Table 1 .
Age distribution of people who use channels.

Table 2 .
Gender distribution of people who use channels.

Table 3 .
Distribution of education and how often people use channels.

Table 4 .
Distribution of a channel user's relationship status.

Table 5 .
How often a channel user's income level change.

Table 6 .
Frequency distribution of work levels of canal users.

Table 10 .
They use the Dayak language."Aluh tabat te puna baguna akan manjaga bahu himba, tuntang ije belum huang'a, tapi amun itah dia tau mangguna, manduan hasil aluh bara sungei atawa himba, narai guna?awi itah perlu panginan hung pambelum itah" If you translate it into English, it says, "Blocking canals is good for protecting the forest and all of its potential, but what's the point if we can't use forest products or river products?We need money to buy food".Aside from that, people who use canals depend on things from the forest and rivers because they don't have the skills to do other kinds of work.How often do people think canal blocking is happening, and how they feel about it.

Table 11 .
Distribution of the number of times canal-using communities took part in canal-blocking development.