Influence of favorable and adverse ecological conditions on the content of toxic elements in flowers of entomophilous plants and pollen

Smolensk State Agricultural Academy, 10/2, B. Sovetskaya, Smolensk, 214000, Russia

^* Corresponding author: igo21vek@yandex.ru

Abstract

The article presents the results to study the content of active toxic elements - lead ions and fluorine in bee pollen, in the flowers of entomophilous plants growing in favorable and adverse ecological conditions. The results of studies showed that in favorable ecologically conditions (phytocenosis 1) in bee pollen and in entomophilous plants had low content of lead from 0.71 to 3.84 mg/kg, and of fluoride from 3.1 to 4.29 mg/kg. It was found that the content of lead and fluorides was higher in plants and in bee pollen in adverse ecologically conditions (phytocenosis than in the “clean” zone. Asteraceae contained on average four times more lead (10.19 mg/kg) and twice as much fluoride (11.9 mg/kg) than Fabaceae. It was determined that cornflower and creeping thistle in the “polluted” zone had high lead content but low fluoride content. It is possible that fluorides are bound to heavy metals in these plants at the biochemical level. White clover and snowy clover from the “polluted’ zone contained fewer pollutants than the same species from the “clean” zone (for lead 0.90 and 0.54 mg/kg, respectively). These plants had the high resistance to accumulation of pollutants in adverse ecological conditions. It is recommended to use bee pollen, certain species of Asteraceae as bioindicators for timely detection of environmental threats and it is recommended to use certain species of Fabaceae resistant to pollutants in environmental protection measures as “green” belt plants.