Analysis of Residential Land Changes Using Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) Method with SPOT Imagery in 2014 and 2024 (Case Study: Banyumanik, Semarang City)

Geomatic Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Planning, and Geoscience, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Residential land expansion in urban areas, particularly in Banyumanik District, Semarang City, has increased significantly over the past decade. This study analyzes residential land-use changes between 2014 and 2024 using Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) applied to SPOT 7 satellite imagery and examines the influence of public and social facilities on these changes. An integrated spatial and statistical approach was employed. Residential land-use maps for 2014 and 2024 were generated and overlaid with public and social facility maps to assess spatial relationships, followed by statistical analysis to evaluate their influence on residential expansion.The results indicate a substantial increase in residential land area, predominantly in locations with high accessibility to public and social facilities. Statistical findings confirm that facility availability significantly influences residential land expansion, highlighting infrastructure provision as a key driver of urban growth. These findings imply that urban development can be more effectively managed by aligning the spatial distribution of public and social facilities with land-use planning and zoning regulations. Such integration is essential to promote sustainable urban growth and to mitigate uncontrolled residential expansion in Semarang City.