Growth and Biomass Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Integrated NPK Fertilization and Manure Application

¹ Study Program of Agronomy, Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, Jl. Palembang-Prabumulih KM 32 Inderalaya Ogan Ilir, South Sumatra 30662, Indonesia
² Department of Biotechnology, Doctoral Program, Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
³ Diploma IV Program in Plantation Crop Production Technology, Department of Agricultural Technology and Business Engineering, State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya, Jalan Kedondong Raye, Banyuasin III, Banyuasin 30913, South Sumatra, Indonesia
⁴ Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
⁵ Study Program of Agroecotechnology, Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, Jl. Palembang-Prabumulih KM 32 Inderalaya Ogan Ilir, South Sumatra 30662, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Fertilization is one of the key factors in improving the growth and productivity of maize, particularly under conditions of low soil fertility. The use of inorganic fertilizers alone often does not provide optimal results without the support of organic amendments that improve soil conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different combinations of N, P, K fertilization and manure application on the growth and biomass of maize. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with several treatment combinations, including single fertilizers, combinations of inorganic fertilizers, manure, and the combination of manure and NPK. Observed parameters included vegetative growth and plant biomass. The results showed that fertilization treatments produced different responses between growth and biomass parameters. Early vegetative growth exhibited relatively uniform responses, while biomass showed a more distinct response to the treatments. Manure application, particularly when combined with NPK, resulted in the best performance in improving plant. The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers enhances nutrient use efficiency and improves soil conditions, thereby supporting optimal plant growth. An integrated fertilization approach can be an effective strategy to improve maize productivity in a sustainable manner.