Table 1
Yield component, grapes maturity indexes, anthocyanins profiles, flavonols content and sunscald damage of vines subjected to ELR (E) compared to non defoliated plants (C) at three different vigor level (V): high (H), medium (M) and low (L).
| Parameter | EW-H | NS-M | NS-L | Average | Significance | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | E | C | E | C | E | C | E | E | V | ExV | |
| Yield components | |||||||||||
| Berry Weight (g) | 1.99 | 1.97 | 1.93 | 1.55 | 1.88 | 1.70 | 1.93 | 1.74 | ** | ** | * |
| Berries per Cluster | 111 | 96 | 104 | 108 | 93 | 83 | 103 | 96 | * | ** | n.s. |
| Cluster weight (g) | 222 | 189 | 209 | 163 | 175 | 141 | 202 | 164 | *** | *** | n.s. |
| Production per plant (kg) | 2.88 | 2.66 | 2.50 | 1.63 | 2.14 | 1.64 | 2.51 | 1.98 | *** | *** | n.s. |
| Seeds per berry | 2.83 | 2.48 | 2.40 | 2.20 | 2.27 | 2.13 | 2.50 | 2.27 | ** | *** | n.s. |
| Skin to berry ratio | 9.6 | 9.7 | 11.4 | 13.3 | 10.2 | 12.4 | 10.4 | 11.8 | * | ** | n.s. |
| Seeds to berry ratio | 6.6 | 5.8 | 6.5 | 8.0 | 5.4 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 6.8 | T | ** | ** |
| Pulp to berry ratio | 86.1 | 86.7 | 84.9 | 82.5 | 86.5 | 84.0 | 85.8 | 84.4 | * | ** | t |
| Grapes maturity indexes | |||||||||||
| Sugar (Brix) | 21.7 | 23.4 | 24.6 | 24.7 | 23.5 | 24.2 | 23.3 | 24.1 | ** | *** | n.s. |
| pH | 2.94 | 2.98 | 3.06 | 3.06 | 3.06 | 3.08 | 3.02 | 3.04 | n.s. | * | n.s. |
| Total Acidity (g/L tartaric acid) | 6.99 | 7.23 | 5.80 | 6.13 | 6.17 | 6.01 | 6.32 | 6.46 | n.s. | *** | n.s. |
| Extractable anthocyanins (%) | 588 | 645 | 694 | 705 | 703 | 702 | 662 | 684 | n.s. | *** | n.s. |
| Total Anthocyanins (mg/kg) | 875 | 1050 | 1075 | 1066 | 1070 | 1059 | 1007 | 1058 | n.s. | *** | t |
| Anthocyanins per berry (mg) | 1.71 | 2.02 | 2.02 | 1.56 | 1.90 | 1.68 | 1.88 | 1.75 | n.s. | n.s. | *** |
| Extractability (%) | 32.8 | 38.3 | 35.0 | 33.8 | 34.1 | 33.2 | 34.0 | 35.1 | n.s. | n.s. | t |
| Anthocyanins profile | |||||||||||
| Delphinin (%) | 9.4 | 10.7 | 9.8 | 11.9 | 9.2 | 9.7 | 9.5 | 10.7 | ** | n.s. | n.s. |
| Cianin (%) | 16.2 | 22.9 | 26.3 | 28.1 | 28.0 | 33.6 | 23.5 | 28.2 | *** | *** | n.s. |
| Petunin (%) | 16.3 | 17.5 | 15.7 | 16.7 | 14.7 | 14.8 | 15.6 | 16.3 | n.s. | *** | n.s. |
| Peonin (%) | 14.0 | 13.8 | 16.4 | 14.4 | 17.5 | 16.7 | 16.0 | 14.9 | n.s. | *** | n.s. |
| Malvin (%) | 41.0 | 32.7 | 28.8 | 26.2 | 28.2 | 22.7 | 32.6 | 27.2 | *** | *** | n.s. |
| Di-tri substituted ratio | 0.45 | 0.62 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.90 | 1.08 | 0.71 | 0.83 | * | *** | n.s. |
| Acilated (%) | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.4 | ** | ** | n.s. |
| Flavonols (mg/kg) | |||||||||||
| Rutin | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.69 | 0.05 | 0.38 | 0.05 | 0.42 | *** | *** | n.s. |
| Quercetin 3-O-glucuronide | 5.8 | 11.8 | 10.6 | 23.1 | 11.2 | 18.8 | 9.2 | 17.9 | *** | *** | ** |
| Quercetin 3-O-glucoside | 11.9 | 19.8 | 17.7 | 31.8 | 21.4 | 32.6 | 17.0 | 28.1 | *** | *** | n.s. |
| Glycosides of Myricetin | 6.5 | 9.1 | 8.0 | 12.4 | 8.4 | 9.9 | 7.6 | 10.5 | *** | *** | ** |
| Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside | 2.8 | 6.0 | 4.6 | 12.4 | 5.9 | 11.2 | 4.43 | 9.87 | *** | *** | ** |
| Sunscald damage | |||||||||||
| Diffusion Index (DI) | 26.1 | 26.6 | 34.1 | 38.1 | 42.6 | 43.1 | 34.3 | 35.9 | n.s. | *** | n.s. |
| Severity Inex (SI) | 5.3 | 6.6 | 10.2 | 9.3 | 12.3 | 16.8 | 9.3 | 10.9 | n.s. | *** | n.s. |
Differences inside the same block, represented in bold type, were identified with a Multiple Range Test, performed according to the Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) with a 95% confidence level. The influence of E, V and their interaction was evaluated with a multifactor ANOVA followed by the Tukey's honestly significance difference (HSD) procedure with a 95% confidence level. *, **, ***, ^ and n.s. indicates, in the same order, significance at P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001, P<0.1 and not significant.
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