Open Access
Table 1.
Biologization factors of farming, scientific prerequisites and techniques for the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region
| № | Farming biologization factors | Objective scientific prerequisites | Available techniques |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Crop rotation | Diversity of species and varieties of cultivated plants (biodiversity). The law of crop rotation. The concept of the unity of crop production and animal husbandry. Multi-species or mixed crops. | Farming based on crop rotation, intermediate crops (rapeseed, mustard, oil radish, etc.). Mixed crops of legumes and cereals (vetch + oats; peas + oats + barley, etc.), mixtures of fodder crops (corn + soya; sunflower + soya, etc. |
| 2 | Biological nitrogen | Symbiotic nitrogen fixation of legumes | Productivity of symbiotic nitrogen fixation cereal legumes 30–100 kg/ha; perennial legumes up to 200–350 kg/ha. |
| 3 | Enrichment of the soil with organic matter.(organic and and mineral systems of fertilization) | The law of returning. Theory of reproduction of soil fertility. Accumulation of biogenic resources created in agrophytocenoses. | Straw of grain crops and legumes, plant residues, green manure, manure in the volume of 8 t/ha of dry matter. Manure + calculated doses of NPK, straw + NPK, green manure + NPK and their combination. Application rates are adjusted in view of «the coeffcient of biologization of farming». |
| 4 | Biological plant protection | The use of biological means of plant protection, entomophages, increasing the competitiveness of field crops in relation to the weed component in agrophytocenoses. | The use of bacterial, viral, fungal and other biological products for the destruction of mass pests and pathogens. Crop rotation with a set of crops capable of supporting a high number of entomophages (buckwheat, canola, phacelia, alfalfa, sainfoin, clover, etc.). Mixed and intermediate crops. |
| 5 | Soil protective systems of tillage | Soil-forming process. Mulching. | Boardless and subsurface tillage systems, direct sowing or no-till system |
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.