What makes lady beetles effective natural enemies in preventative biological control?

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Table 2

Aphidophagous ladybirds feeding on aphids vectoring viruses

Coccinellid species¹	Region where used^1, ²	Aphids vectoring viruses						References
Coccinellid species¹	Region where used^1, ²	Aphis fabae Scopoli	Aphis gossypii Glover	Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach	Brachycaudus helichrysi Kaltenbach	Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas	Myzus persicae Sulzer	References
Adalia bipunctata L.	LA, Ru	×	×	×	×	×	×	[5–7]
Coccinella septempunctata L.	Eu	×	×	×	×	×	×	[5, 7, 8]
Cheilomenes sexmaculata F.	As	×	×	×	×	×	[9, 10]
Cycloneda sanguinea L.	Eu, Ru	×	×	×	×	[5, 10]
Eriopis connexa Germar	LA	×	×	×	[10, 11]
Harmonia axyridis Pallas	NA, As, Ru	×	×	×	×	×	×	[6, 12, 13]
Harmonia dimidiata F.	Eu, Ru	×	×	×	×	[8, 9, 14]
Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville	Eu	×	×	[10, 15]
Hippodamia variegata Goeze	Au	×	×	×	×	×	×	[8, 9]
Propylea japonica Thunb	As, Ru	×	×	[9, 10]
Propylea 14-punctata L.	Eu	×	×	×	×	×	[5, 9, 13]

1 – Available commercial species, which are used worldwide in augmentative biological control [1, 2]

2 – Russia – Ru, Latin America – LA, Europe – Eu, Asia – As, North America – NA, Australia – Au

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