Next-Generation Lung Organoid Models for Respiratory Viral Infection: Integration of Immune, Vascular, and Microfluidic Systems

Feaculty of Biology Science, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Interactions among cells of epithelial, immune, and endothelial types characterize infections of virus in the respiratory tract, driving severity of disease through dysregulated responses of the host. Human-specific architecture of lung and dynamics of immune can not be recapitulated by traditional cultures in 2D and models of animal. A platform of relevance physiologically can be given by organoids of Lung from stem cells of human for studies on entry of virus, damage to epithelium, and responses of host. Immune cells, networks of vascular, and perfusion of microfluidic are ostensibly integrated by recent advances to better model crosstalk among multiple cells and pathology of inflammatory nature. Promise for studies of mechanistic nature, screening of drugs, and medicine of personalized type can be held by these nascent systems. In achieving full maturity of cellular nature, reproducibility, and balancing of complexity with feasibility in experiments, salient challenges remain. Further exploration is needed in the future.