Density of soil composition using various methods of processing crops of spring wheat in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan

Kazan State Agrarian University, 420015 Kazan, Russia

^* Corresponding author: marsel-praktika@mail.ru

Abstract

The article presents results of the study of the soil density composition and the yield of spring wheat grain depending on the methods of processing gray forest soil of the Republic of Tatarstan. The high density of soil composition among all the options is the option with direct sowing in the 0-10 cm layer of 1.18 g / cm³, in the 10-20 cm layer 1.27 g / cm³. In the options for stubble plowing with subsequent plowing the indicators were 1.13 and 1.22 g / cm³, respectively. By the phase of getting into the tube and before harvesting spring wheat, the soil bulk density increased in all variants of soil cultivation. The minimum values of the soil bulk density were noted for the options “stubble cultivation + plowing” and amounted to 1.18 and 1.26 g / cm³ in the 0-10 cm layer, 1.27 and 1.30 g / cm³ in the 10-20 cm layer. In the variant with direct sowing, these indicators were 1.25 and 1.31 g / cm³ in the 0-10 cm layer, 1.32 and 1.36 g / cm³ in the 10-20 cm layer. In a layer of 10-20 cm, the density of soil composition, depending on the methods of tillage, increased to 1.27-1.32 g / cm³, before harvesting 1.30-1.35 g / cm³, while the regularity between control and direct sowing have been preserved. The maximum grain yield (3.59 t / ha) and high economic efficiency of spring wheat cultivation were obtained from the use of shallow loosening of the soil with a KSN-3 unit in combination with loosening after a year.