Mycoplasmosis of farm animals

Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Centre VIEV", Moscow, Russia

^* Corresponding author: shastin.pasha@yandex.ru

Abstract

The article presents an overview characterizing the spread of Mycoplasma infections among various kinds of farm animals. It also demonstrates the urgency of the pathogen of the disease - Mycoplasma spp., its characteristics and structural features, which provide significant differences from other types of microorganisms. Most species of Mycoplasma spp. are strictly specific to the host, but some of them pose a danger to humans. Mycoplasmas in animals cause diseases ranging from acute forms of the disease to an asymptomatic course. With the development of pathology, damage to various organs and tissues is observed, which indicates a high tropism of the pathogen, which contributes to the development of a generalized form of pathology. The most susceptible is the respiratory and reproductive tract, as a result of which farms are inflicted with significant economic damage. At the same time, some of the mycoplasmas build a symbiotic relationship with the host organism. Attempts to use antimicrobial therapy, including in various combinations, do not always lead to a positive result, which is due to the development of antibiotic resistance of the pathogen. Thanks to the change in the genome, mycoplasmas have become the smallest bacteria capable of self-replication. Mycoplasmas are classified as parasites or symbionts of animals, insects and plants, while the disease itself is opportunistic. Diagnosis of the disease consists mainly of three methods: serological, molecular biological and bacteriological, which are often used simultaneously. The cultivation of mycoplasmas has its own characteristic difficulties and features due to the structure of bacteria.