Investigating factors influencing generation Z’s pro-environmental behavior to support the energy transition in Jakarta, Indonesia

¹ Environment, Development, and Sustainability Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
² Energy Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand

^* Corresponding author: divinewijaya@outlook.com

Abstract

The energy transition is crucial for mitigating climate change and achieving sustainable development and resilience. As the energy transition advances, generation Z will soon be responsible for taking care of the environment. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing generation Z’s pro-environmental behavior (PEB) to support the energy transition, using the combination of the theory of planned behavior and PEB. Data were collected through an online questionnaire among 400 generation Z individuals living in Jakarta, Indonesia. The socio-demographic profile was assessed to ensure the respondents fit the target criteria. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the reliability and validity of the measurement model and conduct hypothesis testing. The results show that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control significantly influence generation Z’s PEB to support the energy transition. Perceived behavior control was the most significant factor determining PEB, so measures and policies to increase generation Z’s support should focus on PBC. This finding could enhance understanding and provide insights to formulate effective interventions to increase generation Z’s support towards the energy transition. This study contributes to the energy transition discussion as included in the Sustainable Development Goals.