Knowledge, Acceptance, and Willingness to Pay for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine: A Systematic Review

¹ Master Program of Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
² Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
³ Drug Information and Consumer Protection Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, Thailand
⁴ Center of Excellence in Pharmacy Practice and Management Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, Thailand

^* Corresponding author: endarti_apt@ugm.ac.id

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer incidence in women. It has been recognized that Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is causative agent in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. In 2022, 117 countries have included HPV vaccine in their national immunization program. Understanding participants’ decision regarding their children and themselves being vaccinated is important to ensure high coverage of the vaccine. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of knowledge, acceptance, and willingness to pay for HPV vaccine. The required information was collected by searching with relevant keywords during OctoberDecember 2022 for articles published from 2013 – 2022 in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. The data were analyzed in Excel and reported descriptively. Finally, 22 studies were included to review. Most of the participants were female (96.44%) and the majority had health workers background (50.09%). The knowledge of mostly results was poor (40.9%). The acceptance of HPV vaccine was high, the range vary from 39–98.8%, especially for the vaccine with higher degree, longer duration of protection, lower out-of-pocket, and lower risk of side effects. Overall, the respondents’ attitude was positive toward vaccination. The most frequent method used for measuring WTP was CVM (54.54%). The average WTP range from 0.1– 17.51% to GDP per capita (9.9–745.25 USD). The cost was the primary reason that impact to the willingness to pay and acceptance. Results showed that the acceptance rate of HPV vaccination and WTP were relatively high when the vaccine was offered for free or reasonable price, even though their knowledge was poor. It is recommended to reduce the cost of vaccination program and to increase knowledge, awareness, and attitude of people.