Physicochemical Quality of Transparent Solid Soap with The Addition of Forest Honey (Apis dorsata) as An Environmentally Friendly Sanitizer

¹ Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia
² Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia
³ Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia
⁴ Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia
⁵ Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia
⁶ Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Islam Malang, 65144, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: agussusilo@ub.ac.id

Abstract

Soap is the result of a saponification reaction between fatty acids and bases, which produces soap and glycerol. Transparent solid soap has attracted public attention because it is more attractive and can be used as a body cleanser. Honey is known to contain secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which have antibacterial and anti-free radical activity. So, honey has been developed as a business innovation in product diversification. This research aims to determine the physicochemical quality and antioxidant activity of transparent solid soap with the addition of forest honey. The research method used was laboratory experiments with the addition of honey concentration to transparent soap formulations with concentration values of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The results of the research show that transparent soap with the addition of honey has an average value for colors L*, a*, and b*, respectively, of 27.48– 40.60, (-5.12)–(1.40), 3.06–10.93. The pH value and texture of soap have an average value of 9.48–10.17 and 8.47–13.27 N, respectively. The percentage of water content and foaming power has an average of 10.73–13.42% and 73.64–87.72%, respectively. The free fatty acid content and antioxidant activity of soap have average values of 0.24–0.64 and 1.48–1.86 μg/mL. These results indicate that transparent solid soap with the addition of forest honey produces a quality that conforms to SNI 06-3532-1994 and SNI 3532:2016 in terms of physicochemical properties and contains high antioxidant activity.