Scalability of blockchain: Review of cross-sharding with high communication overhead

¹ Iraqi Drilling company, Basra, Iraq
² University of Alkafeelty of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq

^* Corresponding author: Firas.almutar@idc.gov.iq

Abstract

Sharding method is separates the network into smaller groups to reduce latency and enhance blockchain speed. To reduce storage cost, divide the network into separate segments, and allow nodes to maintain track of a portion of the blockchain's data ledger, it was initially employed in databases. This technology is an excellent choice for enhancing blockchain performance because of its practical requirements and the speed at which blockchain applications are developing. It has garnered a lot of interest. There are a number of unresolved issues regarding the review and analysis of sharding. In this paper, we examine current state-of-the-art sharding schemes by categorizing them according to blockchain type and sharding technique—more specifically, cross-sharding with low communication overhead and systematically and thoroughly analyzing the benefits and drawbacks of each. Sharding lowers communication overhead since the performance of blockchain apps that use it has significantly improved over the method that should be studied for reducing the communication cost of block consensus. We present various open addresses after doing a comprehensive review and analysis of the communication overhead.