Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Kabau Seed Pod Extract from South Lampung

¹ Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Lampung, Indonesia
² Department of Data Science, Faculty of Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Lampung, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: author@email.org

Abstract

The “Julang-jaling” or Kabau plant is a common vegetation found in Sumatra. Kabau seeds are used by local communities in Sumatra as a culinary ingredient and spice. Several studies have demonstrated that Archidendron bubalinum, a species of Kabau plant, contains phytochemical compounds including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. However, the utilization of Kabau’s seed pod remains limited and remains unexplored. This research aims to describe the morphological characteristics of the Kabau plant from South Lampung Regency, followed by analyzing the phytochemical compounds, and antioxidant activity of the Kabau seed pod extract. Qualitative phytochemical screening was conducted qualitatively to detect the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids. Antioxidant activity was analyzed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Identification of morphological characteristics presented that Archidendron jiringoides in this study had several differences compared to Archidendron bubalinum. i.e seed arrangement and diameter; seed pod length, diameter, shape, and colour; also twig shape. The result of qualitative phytochemical screening of kabau (Archidendron jiringoides) seed pod extract showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, tannins, and triterpenoids. The antioxidant activity (IC₅₀) value of 32.01 μg/ml. The antioxidant potential observed in the extract of kabau seed pods was categorized as very strong.