Structural and technological solutions for engineering and geological surveys, design and operation of buildings and structures on clay soils

¹ I. T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University, 350044, 13, Kalinina, Krasnodar, Russia
² North-Caucasus Federal University, 355017, 1, Pushkin Street, Stavropol, Russia

^* Corresponding author: author@email.org

Abstract

The paper offers design and technological solutions and recommendations for engineering and geological surveys, as well as the design and operation of buildings and structures on clay soils in Stavropol. The existing experience of construction in engineering and geological conditions of specific soils and associated hazardous engineering and geological processes that influence the choice of engineering protection methods for new construction and reconstruction of existing buildings and structures has been studied. Clay soils in the city are characterized by swelling and shrinkage due to seasonal fluctuations in humidity in the upper part of the aeration zone, including in the flat areas of the city, and landslide processes on the slopes. When designing foundations for areas with swelling soils, it is crucial to consider the soil's ability to expand in volume as the humidity increases, known as swelling. In swelling soils, when the humidity decreases, the soil undergoes shrinkage. The paper also provides recommendations for water protection measures during the preparation of foundations for new construction. These measures primarily focus on addressing soil swelling rather than shrinkage. Structural and technological measures are presented to increase the rigidity and strength of buildings by dividing them into separate compartments with sedimentary seams, and introducing reinforced concrete continuous belts at several levels of the building.