Quorum sensing and its inhibition mechanisms

¹ Don State Technical University, Gagarin sq. 1, Rostov-on-Don, 344003, Russia
² Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
³ Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
⁵ Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
⁶ Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia

^* Corresponding author: liliya_s_golovko@mail.ru

Abstract

The article is a brief literature review. This article provides an overview of the Quorum Sensing system in bacterial communities, highlighting the peculiarities of the system for gram-positive and gramnegative microorganisms. Basic information about the three existing Quorum Sensing systems is presented. Information is also given about different types of autoinducers, which are signaling molecules that trigger a cascade of behavioral reactions. The importance of the Quorum Sensing system as one of the fundamental mechanisms in the formation and regulation of bacterial biofilms is described, emphasizing the significance of biofilm microorganisms for modern clinical medicine and their impact on aggravating the issue of antibiotic resistance. The main mechanisms of inhibiting bacterial quorum, including by other microorganisms, are presented. The work discusses enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods of inhibiting the Quorum Sensing system, points of application and mechanisms of action. Some microorganisms with confirmed enzymatic activity by Quorum Quenching are indicated. Also presented are registered cases of suppression of other bacteria by microorganisms through the Quorum Sensing inhibitors system.