Rice fortification and biofortification as a potential strategy to alleviate stunting and bolster food security in Indonesia

Indonesian Center for Agricultural Socio-Economic and Policy Studies, Ministry of Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: primaluna305@gmail.com

Abstract

Indonesia has regained its status as an upper-middle income country in the latest category released by the World Bank in July 2023, owing to a robust post-pandemic recovery. The present economic recovery is anticipated to result in a GDP growth rate of 5.1% by 2022. Furthermore, Indonesia has significantly reduced its stunting prevalence, declining from 37% in 2013 to less than 21.6% in 2022. Nevertheless, further tasks need to be accomplished to guarantee the robust and effective development of human capital. Biofortification and rice fortification with micromineral zinc to increase nutritional value are potential strategies to combat stunting and enhance food security. The methodology employed a literature review and both qualitative and quantitative data analyses. This article discusses the implementation of this policy in Indonesia. Key issues arising from the implementation of this policy are: 1) rice is widely consumed and suitable for adoption as a food vehicle for fortification; 2) the rice seedling system must be robust to produce targeted varieties; 3) ensuring premix vitamins and micronutrients are halal certified; and 4) ensuring rice fortification and biofortification meet the standards and guidelines for food safety and quality before donation to the targeted community.