Impact of pelletisation on torrefied oil palm empty fruit bunch biochar

¹ Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia.
² Environment & Sustainable Development Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia.
³ Universiti Malaysia Kelantan-Tropical Rainforest Research Centre (UMK-TRaCe), Perak, Malaysia.
⁴ Faculty of Bioengineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia.
⁵ Division of Forestry Biotechnology, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁶ Faculty of Tropical Forestry, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia.
⁷ Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia.

^* Corresponding author: sukhairi@umk.edu.my

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of pelletisation on the properties and performance of torrefied oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) biochar. Torrefaction, a mild pyrolysis process, enhances the energy density and durability of biomass, creating a more stable biochar product. Pelletisation, involving the compression of biochar into pellets, aims to improve its handling, transportation, and application efficiencies. This study examines key parameters such as the effects of pelletisation pressure, temperature, and the use of binders on the physical and chemical properties of torrefied EFB biochar. Evaluations include changes in density, bonding properties, and calorific value. Additionally, the study explores how pelletisation influences the biochar’s porosity, surface area, and elemental composition. Results indicate that pelletisation significantly affects the structural integrity and functional properties of torrefied EFB biochar. Pellets exhibit enhanced bulk density and durability, which are beneficial for storage and transport. However, some reduction in surface area and porosity is observed, potentially impacting the biochar’s effectiveness in applications such as soil amendment and carbon sequestration. Findings suggest that while pelletisation offers practical advantages, optimizing the process parameters is crucial to maintain the beneficial properties of torrefied EFB biochar. Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights into the trade- offs associated with pelletising torrefied EFB biochar, highlighting the potential for improved usability in sustainable agriculture and environmental management practices. Future work should focus on refining pelletisation techniques to balance mechanical benefits with the preservation of biochar’s functional attributes.