Epidemiology and Characteristics of Leptospirosis Inpatients in Demak Regency in 2018-2023

¹ Master of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, 50275 Semarang, Indonesia
² Master of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, 50275 Semarang, Indonesia
³ Department of Biostatistics and Population Study, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, 50275 Semarang, Indonesia
⁴ Master of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, 50275 Semarang, Indonesia
⁵ Master of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, 50275 Semarang, Indonesia
⁶ Postgraduate School, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
⁷ Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India

^* Corresponding author: syahillaefriana05@gmail.com

Abstract

Demak Regency is an endemic area of leptospirosis. Cases of death due to leptospirosis in humans in Demak Regency in 2018-2023 with a CFR of >11%. Many deaths are found in leptospirosis patients who are hospitalized due to their poor prognosis. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of leptospirosis patients who are hospitalized in Demak Regency. This study used a quantitative descriptive design. Patients’ data were taken from medical records at Sunan Kalijaga, Sultan Fatah, and NU Islamic Hospital in Demak Regency. The results of the study showed that of the 73 confirmed cases, 58.9% were male patients, and 69.9% were >40 years old. Of the 22 deaths, women exceeded men with 54.5%, and >40 years old at 81.8%. Based on laboratory examinations, the average platelet level was 110.18 cells/mm, creatinine level was 3.66 mg/dL, and urea level was 131.54 mg/dL. In the case of death, the patients’ platelet level <100.000 cells/mm was 86.3%, creatinine level >3 mg/dL was 77.2%, and urea level >90 mg/dL was 86.3%. Symptoms that often appeared were myalgia. In this study, icteric and oliguria were not always symptoms in leptospirosis patients who died. Yet dyspnea and icteric symptoms have the potential to be predictors of death in leptospirosis patients. As many as 64.38% of patients did not have comorbidities. As many as 69.86% of leptospirosis patients were given a single type of antibiotic and 30.14% with a combination of antibiotics. Overall, 100% of the patients received antibiotics based on the severity of the disease. Detailed case description reports and patient prognosis need to be carried out to improve the handling of patients with leptospirosis.