Maritime Environmental Change and its impact on Coastal Bird Diversity

¹ Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Raja Ali Haji Maritime University, Indonesia, Dompak, Tanjungpinang 29100, Indonesia
² Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Maritime Technology, Raja Ali Haji Maritime University, Senggarang, Tanjungpinang 29100, Indonesia
³ 6-16 St. Neot Ave., Potts Point, NSW 2011, Australia

^* Corresponding author: triwidyaedelwis@gmail.com

Abstract

Coastal bird diversity in Indonesia is greatly affected by changes in the maritime environment caused by human activities and climate change. To survive, coastal birds rely heavily on mangrove ecosystems, beaches and estuaries. However, coastal development, land conversion and pollution are damaging these habitats. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of changes in the Maritime environment on coastal bird populations and diversity. To achieve this goal, the study used a comprehensive literature approach collected from various related studies, which addressed the effects of changes in the maritime environment on various coastal bird species in Indonesia, such as the Elang laut perut putih, Elang jawa, and Kutul kecil. The results show that such changes are causing bird populations to decline and possibly the extinction of some species, which will ultimately threaten the balance of coastal ecosystems. Based on this article, to protect coastal biodiversity from increasing threats, better conservation and environmental management efforts are needed. Coastal biodiversity conservation strategies should prioritize efforts such as coastal habitat restoration.