Utilizing Probiotics as a Sustainable Approach to Improve Aquatic Species Health and Growth

¹ Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Raja Ali Haji Maritime University, Indonesia, Dompak, Tanjungpinang 29100, Indonesia
² Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Campus Limau Manis, Padang 25163, Indonesia
³ Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt

^* Corresponding author: triwidyaedelwis@gmail.com

Abstract

Probiotics have emerged as a vital component in aquaculture, demonstrating significant potential to enhance the health and growth of aquatic species. Currently, a variety of commercial probiotic products are available, derived from numerous bacterial species, including Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Carnobacterium, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, among others. These beneficial microorganisms play a crucial role in improving gut health, boosting immune responses, and mitigating stress in fish, ultimately leading to increased survival rates and productivity. This study adopts a literature review approach, critically analyzing existing knowledge, concepts, and findings from theoretically oriented and academic sources. The primary data sources for this research include reputable platforms such as Google Scholar, accredited scientific journals, and other relevant scholarly databases. By systematically gathering articles from these sources, the study ensures a comprehensive examination of the current state of research on the utilization of probiotics in aquaculture. This review elucidates the mechanisms through which probiotics can bolster fish health, improve growth rates, and promote overall ecosystem sustainability. The findings not only highlight the numerous benefits associated with probiotic usage but also address the challenges and future directions for research in this field. By fostering a deeper understanding of these microbial solutions, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable aquaculture practices, paving the way for innovative approaches to fish farming that prioritize environmental stewardship.