Optimization formulation and efficacy examination of cream combination of fig extracts (Ficus carica L.) and pomegranate extracts (Punica granatum L.) as antioxidants

School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: fariez@umy.ac.id

Abstract

A cream formulation incorporating fig extract (Ficus carica L.) and pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum L.) serves as an effective antioxidant. This study seeks to develop and assess the efficacy of antioxidants in a cream formulation that integrates fig extract and pomegranate peel extract, and to compare it with commercially available cream products. This study employed an experimental laboratory method. The cream preparation commences with the amalgamation of the cream base, followed by the incorporation of 0.5 grams of fig extract (F1), 1 gram of fig extract (F2), 0.5 grams of pomegranate peel extract (F3), 1 gram of pomegranate peel extract (F4), 0.25 grams of fig extract and 0.25 grams of pomegranate peel extract (F5), 0.5 grams of fig extract and 0.5 grams of pomegranate peel extract (F6), and a formulation devoid of any extract (F7). The evaluations conducted on the formulations included organoleptic assessments, homogeneity analysis, pH measurement, adhesion evaluation, spreadability assessment, viscosity testing, irritant testing, and antioxidant activity analysis utilizing the ABTS method. The test results indicated that all creams were brown, possessed a distinctive odor, exhibited homogeneity, and demonstrated stability. The mean pH test result was 6.73 ± 0.078. The mean adhesion test result was 1.27 seconds ± 0.189. The mean spreadability test result was 6.09 cm ± 0.14. The viscosity test indicated that the cream exhibited plastic and pseudoplastic flow characteristics. The irritation test indicated that the cream was non-irritating to the skin. The antioxidant activity test findings for the cream indicated great efficacy for F1, F2, F5, and F6, while F3 and F4, along with comparisons to commercial cream products, demonstrated moderate efficacy. This study concludes that F6 is the formula exhibiting optimal stability and demonstrating robust antioxidant activity in its category.