Antibacterial Activity Of Combination Of Rosella Flower Ethanol Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) And Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.2% Against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175

¹ Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
² Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

^* Corresponding author: akrisridwany@umy.ac.id

Abstract

Dental caries is a problem in the human oral cavity due to the buildup of plaque, which is caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans. Nevertheless, mouthwash may result in a parched mouth and numbness in the oral cavity. Antibacterial properties are therefore recognized in the rosella flower plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). This research was conducted to ascertain the antibacterial activity of the combination of Ethanol Extract of Rosella Flowers (EER) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) 0.2% in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans ATCC 25175 bacteria. The maceration method was employed in the extraction procedure, and the agar well diffusion method was followed for antibacterial testing. The concentrations of EER were 5%, 10%, and 20%. The combination of EER 5% and CHG 0.2% was made in comparison series of (1) 1:3, (2) 1:1, and (3) 3:1. Furthermore, the diameter of the inhibitory zone (DZI) and the calculation of Combination Index (CI) were analyzed. The EER at 5%, 10%, and 20% revealed DZI of 12.17 ± 1.04, 21 ± 0.87, and 32.17 ± 0.29 mm, respectively. Then, the combination series of EER 5% and CHG 0.2% of (1) 1:3, (2) 1:1, and (3) 3:1 uncovered DZI of 32.17 ± 0.58; 31.67 ± 1.89; 27.67 ± 0.76 mm, respectively, categorized as very strong. The CI showcased that a combination was antagonistic. The chemical compounds of EER 5% increased the DZI towards S. mutans ATCC 25175 in combination with CHG 0.2%.