Prospects for the effective use of irrigated lands in Karakalpakstan in conditions of water resource scarcity

¹ Scientific production association of grain and rice, Nukus, Uzbekistan
² Karakalpak Institute of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Nukus, Uzbekistan
³ Jizzakh state pedagogical university, Jizzakh, Uzbekistan

^* Corresponding author: shoxsita123@gmail.com

Abstract

Present the results of many years of development on the effective use of irrigated arable land and water resources in conditions of water shortage. At the same time, a decrease in rice content to 40% and the saturation of the crop rotation wedge with other upland grain crops leads to the gradual use of arable land up to 120% and the grain size increases to 80% relative to the opposite scheme. Reducing rice content by up to 40% on medium loamy soils, with the rice irrigation rate recommended for this zone, allows saving about 25-27% of irrigation water. The use of the recommended technology ensures an increase in rice yield within the range of 11.2 centners, winter wheat - 11.3 centners/ha. The sorghum crop additionally introduced into the scheme provided 66.4 c/ha of yield. Thanks to drip irrigation, when re-seeding after winter wheat, 24.0 tons/ha of potato yield was obtained, when using conventional technology 12.5 tons/ha were obtained. At the same time, the savings in irrigation water amounted to 50- 55%, in addition, the use of expensive mineral fertilizers was reduced by 35- 40% and plant protection products by 25-30%. Thus, in the conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the introduction of a drip irrigation system that supplies plants in accordance with their water consumption is a relevant and modern approach to the issues of saving natural resources, creating optimal water and nutrient regimes in the root layer of the soil, obtaining an early and high-quality harvest of agricultural crops, automation of irrigation processes, preservation of soil fertility and mitigation of the environmental situation of the region.