Ecological and methodological foundations of the system of conservation of natural ecosystems, the system of protection of biotopes from degradation and pollution by pollutants

Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russia

^* Corresponding author: serdiner2016@yandex.ru

Abstract

The study presents data on establishing the limits of plant resistance and tolerance to pollutants, specifically mercury salts, products from the oil and gas industry (illustrated by WD-40), and surface-active substances (SAS). It has been established that hydroponics serves as the most efficient and precise model for examining the impact of pollutants on plant organisms. Critical thresholds of pollutant concentrations have been identified for the following species: tomato, leek, clover, peas, rye, and oats. It is recommended to utilize a hydroponic solution enriched with metal ions in chelate complexes to reduce chemical reactions between hydroponic solution components and heavy metal salts in pollutants. A concept has been developed to establish methodological foundations for employing hydroponics as an analytical tool to identify the most resilient plant species for phytoremediation of wastewater and contaminated sites with elevated heavy metal levels.