The community structure of zooplankton in Bojonegara coastal waters, Banten Bay, Indonesia

¹ Departement of Marine Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680 West Java, Indonesia.
² Departement of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680 West Java, Indonesia.
³ National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, West Java, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: endangsunarwatis@apps.ipb.ac.id

Abstract

Bojonegara coastal waters, located in an area experiencing significant industrial expansion, are under increasing environmental stress. This study aims to analyze the zooplankton community structure in these waters. The research, conducted from January to October 2020, involved six stations across river, estuary, and sea areas. Data analysis covered various ecological indices, including abundance, diversity, evenness, dominance, principal component analysis, and Bray-Curtis similarity index. Environmental parameters such as temperature, transparency, turbidity, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and phosphate were also measured. The study identified zooplankton from 10 different classes, comprising Malacostraca (16 genera), Rotifera (6 genera), Ciliata (4 genera), Rhizopoda (2 genera), and one genus each from Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Polychaeta, Sagittoidea, Sarcodina, and Urochordata. Malacostraca and Ciliata were the dominant groups. Zooplankton abundance, as well as diversity (H’), evenness (E), and dominance (C) indices, varied between 2.8x10⁴ and 9.9x10⁴ ind/L, 1.061 to 1.646, 0.713 to 0.771, and 0.282 to 0.433, respectively. The zooplankton community structure indicated that Bojonegara waters are experiencing mild environmental stress, with temperature and nitrate levels being key factors affecting zooplankton abundance.