Biological disasters and epidemics in the Arabian Peninsula: A review

Department of History, College of Arts, Kufa University, Najaf, Iraq

^* Corresponding author: Khadijah.alqaser@uokufa.edu.iq

Abstract

The objective of the present article is to observe the disasters, especially of biological nature, and epidemics, occurred on the territory of the Arabian Peninsula, to define and classify their peculiarities and impacts on population, social system, ecology and environment as a whole. The definition and classification of disasters are given, provided is the statistics on epidemics that occurred in the Arabian Peninsula and their impacts on environment are recognized. The economic impacts leading to changes in ecosystems are shown. The geographical peculiarities of the studied region and their interrelation with disasters impacts are identified. The history of the development of ideas on ecology and environmental science in the Arabian Peninsula and its connection with the development of Arabian civilization are reviewed in the article.