Antidiabetic Activity and Identification of Active Compounds of Toona sinensis Leaf and Bark Extracts and Molecular Inhibition Tests

¹ Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 16680, Indonesia
² Advance Research Laboratory, Institute of Research and Community Services, Jalan Palem Kampus IPB Dramaga, 16680, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: syamsulfa@apps.ipb.ac.id

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, and its global prevalence continues to increase. One potential alternative treatment approach is the use of medicinal plants such as Toona sinensis. This study aimed to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts of T. sinensis leaves and stem bark using in vitro and in silico analyses. The test showed that the stem bark extract had an IC₅₀ value of 200.83 μg/mL, which was lower than that of the leaves, and contained 30 secondary metabolite compounds based on LC-MS/MS results. In contrast, the leaf extract contained only 22 compounds. These compounds were predicted to be bioactive by using SMILES and pChEMBL. The prediction results showed that several compounds, particularly those from the flavonoid and phenolic groups, have potential as α-glucosidase inhibitors. This finding indicates that the stem bark of T. sinensis has more potential as an antidiabetic phytotherapy candidate than its leaves.