Bridging National Strategies and Local Innovations: A Systematic Literature Review of Stunting Reduction Efforts in Indonesia

¹ Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
² Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
³ Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia

^* Corresponding amni.rahman@live.undip.ac.id

Abstract

This research aims to critically examine the alignment between national strategies and local innovations in Indonesia’s efforts to reduce stunting. Despite major initiatives such as the National Strategy for Accelerating Stunting Prevention (Stranas P3S), the Stunting Reduction Performance Index (IKPS), and the Public Service Innovation Competition (KIPP), national stunting prevalence remains at 21.5%, highlighting persistent regional disparities. Existing literature has rarely addressed how national frameworks interact with local policy adaptations. Using the Walt and Gilson Policy Triangle, this study analyses the content, context, actors, and processes of key national and subnational policies. The findings reveal some progress in multisectoral integration across health, education, and social protection, yet ongoing fragmentation persists due to limited institutional capacity, rigid funding, and uneven community engagement. Regions that successfully bridged national directives with locally driven innovations demonstrated stronger outcomes in addressing stunting. The study argues for a more adaptive, decentralized policy approach embedded within broader health system reforms to strengthen policy coherence and implementation.